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I.. -1. .
CONTENTS OF VOL. IV.
BOOK IV. — History and Topographical Surtbt op THB East Riding continubd.
CHAP. XII.
Page Survey of Dickering Wapentake 1
CHAP. XIII. Survey of Buckrose Wapentake 97
CHAP.; XIV. Survey of Ouse and Derwent Wapentake 125
CHAP. XV. of Howdenshire 146
CHAP. XVI.
Historic Notices of the Lords of Holdemess, and of the Ancient State of that District 184
CHAP. XVII.
Survey of ^the North Division of the Wapentake of Hoidemess 218
CHAP. XVIII.
Survey of Holderness Wapentake (middle division) 237
CHAP. XIX.
Survey of Hoidemess Wapentake (south division) 285
CONTENTS.
book v. — histort and topogiuphical survbt op tbs Parish and Borough op Lbbos.
CHAP. I.
Page Ancient Biae and Progressive Increase of the Town, Manu- &cture8» Ck>mmerce, Municipal Government, &c 322
CHAP. II.
Survey of the Churches and Chapels, with some Account of the Public Charities in the Town of Leeds 362
^ CHAP. III.
General Survey of the Town of Leeds. 415
CHAP. IV.
Survey of the Chapehries and Townships in the Parish of Leeds 447
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Face
"» Trinity Church, Leeds (/row- ,
^ tupieee,)
St. Mary's Church, Bridliog-
tOD 6
^ The Gateway of Bridlington
Priory 80
- Rridllngton Quay 41
>-4i'lamborough Head and Light- house 64
' Danes' Dyke 70
- Kirkham Abbey 110
' EscrickHall 1S8
- Howden Church 106
-^ Howden Church, east end. . . 166
Fate -Hedon Church 241
•^ Preston 25ft
Withernsea Church 299
-^ Kilnsea Church 801
""The Spurn Lighthouse SOS
^-Court House, Leeds 419
Commercial Buildings, Leeds 480
i^ntral Market, Leeds. . • • • • 430
Com Exchange, Leeds 439
- The Aire and Calder at Leeds 4S9 Christ Church and Coal
Staith, Leeds 410
■^irkstall Abbey ,478
- Interior of Kirkstall Abbey. 513
VigneUe Title.^The Font and Principal Entrance to Thorpe Salvia Church, vide vol. v. p. 226.'
^^w J) J ?'
HISTORY
COUNTY OF YORK.
BOOK IV.
HISTORY AND TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY OF THE EAST RIDING, CONTINUED.
CHAPTER XII.
SU&VBT OF DICKBSINQ WAFBNTAKS.
This wapentake is situated at the nortb-eastem extra- chap.
XII
mity of the riding. It is bounded on the east by the !
German ocean, on the south by Harthill wapentake and J^p^^"^^^^^ Holdemess^ on the west by Buckrose wapentake, and on the north by the North riding. It contains one market-town and forty-seven townships, twenty-seven of irfiich are parishes, occupied by sixteen thousand four hundred and sixty-one inhabitants. The following are the parishes : —
|
ARGAH, |
BRIDLINGTON, |
|
|
BSMFTON, |
BUBTON-AONBS, |
|
|
BBSSINOBY, |
BURTON FLEMING, |
|
|
BOTIVTON, |
CARNABT, |
|
|
VOL. IV. |
B |
HISTORY OF
BOOK IV
Bridling- ton.
Ancient extent.
FLAHB0R0X7GH,
FOLKTON,
FOSTON -UPON-THE- WOLDS,
FOXHOLES,
OANTON,
OARTON-UPOK-TRB-WO LDS,
HUKHANBY,
LITTLE KELK,
KILHAM,
LAMGTOFT,
LOWTHOBPEy
HUSTON,
NAFFEBTON,
REIGHTON,
BrDBTON,
RU8T0N PARTA,
THWINO,
WILLS RBT,
WOLD KBWTOir.
Bridlington^ more frequently called Burlington, is a small market and parish town, situated about a mile from the sea-shore, in the recess of a commodious and beautiful bay, to which it gives name. It is distant from London, via Lincoln, two hundred and eight, via York, two hundred and thirty-eight miles ; from Scar- borough^ eighteen miles; from Beverley, twenty-three miles ; and from York, forty-one miles.
No account having been transmitted to posterity, either traditionally or otherwise, of the size or popu- lation of Bridlington in the Saxon era, conjecture necessarily becomes vague and unsatisfactory ; yet that both have been respectable, may reasonably be inferred from the extent of its soke or jurisdiction, and from its church having survived the indiscriminate destruction made by the Normans; churches, when Christianity was in its infancy, being by no means common. At the time of the Domesday survey, here were but four burgesses paying rent for thirteen carucates of land. From this period the importance of the town would gradually recover as the lands were restored to cultivation, until the erection of the monastery, after which its increase would be much more rapid. So greatly, indeed, had it flourished during the existence of the convent, that the site was nearly the same three hundred years ago as at
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 3
the present day. In 1599^ the king possessed, as ^S,4*** parcel of the lately-dissolved monastery, amongst other ""
things, rent of tenants at wiU, in
£. : d
West-gate 78 7 6
Kirkgate-street '18 3 0
NuDgate-street 6 7 4
Bayle-strect 7 17 8
St.John's-gate 28 18 2i
This statement suggests a probability of the modem High-street having been the West-gate of former ages; and of the present West-gate and the market place being subsequent additions to the ancient limits.*
The following progressive statements of the population Popula- will present a correct view of the extent of the town at the respective periods. Bridlington, with the Quay, contained
HonsM. Inhftbitants.
In 1801 707 8180
1811 869 8741
1821 958 4275t
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St Church. Mary, and valued in the parliamentary returns at £83. 10*. The rectory of Bridlington, which had been appropriated to the convent, was seized by the crown in 1537, and granted in the following year to John Avery, on lease for twenty-one years, at the annual rent of £40. A grant for the same period, and at the same rental, was made to John Calverley, in the fifth year of Edward VI. Elizabeth, in the eighth year of her reign, leased the rectory, along with the manor, to Thomas
* Thompson's Sketches of Bridlington^ p. 129. t The entire parish has a population of five thousand and thirty- four persons.
4 PIISTORY OP
BOOK IV. Waiferer and others^ inhabitants of Bridlington, in con- sideration of the yearly payment of £40, of. which £8 was to be paid to the curate for his stipend. In the thirty-third year of Elizabeth, John Stanhope became the lessee of the rectory and manor; and, four years after, the whole was granted to William Wood and others, inhabitants of the town, for the term of forty-one years. Wood and his associates conveyed to Francis Boynton, of Barmston, the rectory and tithes for forty years. In the ninth year of James I. the livings with all its emoluments, was granted and sold to Francis Morice and Francis Phelips, by whom it was sold to Francis Boynton, and his heirs the year following. Sir Matthew Boynton, in the eightli year of Charles I., leased this rectory to Robert Pahner and William Bower for £180. per annum ; and, five years afterward, sold it to Henry Fairfax and his heirs. The property subsequently be- came vested in David Erskine, earl of Buchan, by right of marriage with Frances Fairfax. In the year 1729, the rectory and tithes came by purchase into the hands of — Bower, of whose descendant, Leonard Bower, they were purchased in 1759, by the late James Hebble- thwayte, Esq., in whose family they still continue. In all these varied transitions, the advowson or right of presentation was reserved by the crown ; the nomination was, however, vested in the archbishop of York, by whom it was transferred, in 1767, to the Rev. Matthew Buck and his heirs, in consideration of a gratuity of £200 for the augmentation of the living, to which a like sum was added by the governors of Queen Anne's bounty. The present patrons are Sir F. Wood, Knight, and the Rev. A. Cooke. One moiety of the church expenditure is defrayed by the hamlets of Sewerby, Marton, Buckton, Speeton, achapelry, Grindale, acha-
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 5
pelry, Saston^ HUderthorpe, Wilsthoipe, and Aoburn^ ^xi^***
all in this parUh; the other moiety by the township of
Bridlington and the Quay. • •
The church of St Mary was formerly a noble Exterior, edifice^ the portion remaining being the nave of (he priory churchy now converted into a nave and chancely with aisles. The west front displays a centre flanked by towers. The principal entrance^ or great western door^* is highly ornamentod^ and some part of the exquisite foliage widi which it was once .ad<>nied is still in good preservation^ though much has been defaced by the destroying hand of time. The smaller entrance in die southern tower has likewise been lavishly orna- mented, and is yet in a state of tolerable preservation. Each of these entrances is surmounted by a canopyi enriched with crockets; above the arch, and on each side of the principal doorway, is a small niche for 'the reception of a statue ; and a range of small projecting pedestals, Sny-eight in number, each provided with a canopy, richly adorned with crockets and tracery, and calculated for figures nearly three feet in height, extends across the western front, in a line with the springs of the arches. The northern angle, usually called the old steeple, is io a totally different style of architecture from the part described, and apparently a hundred years more early; the windows and mouldings indubitably belonging to the fourteenth century, and corresponding with those on the south side, and the upper tier on the north. A band which runs. round this angles and has formerly girdled the whole of the western front, is continued on the south side in the same line in which it is interrupted on the west A perpendicular crevice^
* An engraving of this door has recently been published by the Messrs. Stortrs, of Cambridge.
6 HISTORY OF
BOOi^ IV* the whole height of the angle, renders very apparent the point where the alteration has taken place. The northern tower has formerly been entered by a circular arched doorway, now walled up. On the west and north sides, at a considerable height from the ground, are three niches, capable of containing statues five feet in height The windows being without glass, and the roof entirely destroyed, the place is used only as a depository for stones and tools, and is internally sepa- rated from the church by two walled-up arches. Above the principal entrance is a large pointed window of seven lights, divided by two transoms. The whole is in a dilapidated condition.
The porch, on the north side of the nave, has been an elegant specimen of the architecture of the fourteenth century, in which era the columns were clustered with richly foliated capitals, and the arches frequently ornamented with rows of rosebuds in the hollow mouldings. Above a groined roof in this porch, an apartment has communicated with the interior of the church, and furnished the only example of the ogee, or depressed pointed arch, to be found in the whole building. The external beauty of this entrance is lost by the extraordinary elevation of the ground, caused by successive interments ; and the internal, by a black and unctuous matter which over- spreads the sculpture, occasioned by the dampness of this elevation ; in place of the ground being on a level with the floor, which has unquestionably been the case, there is a descent into the building of upwards of four feet perpendicular, by a flight of seven steps. In the front are two niches, nearly eight feet high, but so slightly hollowed, that the statues, if, indeed, any have adorned the situations, must have stood remarkably
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 7
prominent; the pedestals are now on a level with the chap.
6oiL A slight inspection will be sufficient to prove that
the present porch has been preceded by one with a gable roof at a very acute angle, and erected subse- quently to the wall to which it is joined.*
The windows in the lower tier on the north of the church are in a style entirely differing from any of the others, and evidently belong to the early part of the thirteenth century, being long, narrow, and , sharp pointed, devoid of any ramification, and -embellisbed with light and elegant shafts. These windows are placed in pairs, except in two instances, in which they are single; the buttresses are ornamented with crockets, and have formerly been surmounted by pinnacles. The whole of the northern front is in excellent preservation in comparison with that of the south, in consequence of . being protected from the rays of the sun, which, on the porous free-stone of the latter side, have a destructive tendency. The east end, having been piled from the ruins of the monastery, exhibits no specimen of style, and is sup- ported by two enormous buttresses, as solid and un- sightly as could well be reared. The formation of the windows on the south bespeaks them to be of the four- teenth century, with the exception of the three nearest to the steeple, which are more lofty than the rest, and ramified in the manner of the great west window. That part to the west of the south door being plain and unadorned, has an appearance of higher antiquity than any other, notwithstanding the form of the windows above-mentioned. The apparent contradiction may be reconciled, by supposing the original windows to have
* Thompson's BridUnstoD, p. 189.
8 HISTORY OF
800KJV. been disfdaced^ and the present ones substituted^ at the time when the west end was rebuilt. Some of the lower windows on the north appear to have undergone an alteration at the same period.^ At the south-west angle of the church is a paltry octagonal turret of brick- work, erected about the middle of the last century, an anomaly which cannot but be deplored by eyery person of real taste. This turret is furnished with three bells, procured in 1763; the tenor bell weighs 1199 pounds*
Interior. ^® interior of the church has the same dilapidated appearance as is displayed by the exterior The body is divided from the aisles by ten pointed arches resting on a union of cylinders, and on the south side some of them rest on panelled piers. On the right and left, immediately within the principal entrance, are two enormous pillars, which appear to have been raised for the support of two western towers, of which not even a vestige is now to be found. All the pillars are of that massive building which distinguishes the early pointed style of architecture, and consist individually of twelve clustered columns, except in three instances, wherein the west end of the nave is separated from the south aisle by quadrangular ones. Above the arches on the south, about thirty-seven feet from the ground floor, a gallery, three feet in breadth, traverses the whole length of the church, on a line with the bottom of the windows ; twelve feet above this is another, on a level with the transoms or cross-munnions. A second tier of arches on the north, ramified in the manner of the windows, but never intended for the admission of light, presents five examples of the circular arch; above this tier extends a gallery at the same elevation as the upper one on the south. The ascent to these galleries and to
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 9
the summit of the building is by winding staircases in chap. the western angles^ to both of which the entrance has '■ —
been in the norths the communication being formed by a gallery above the western doors. The nave has ever been open to the ceilings or wainscot roof, which has originally been at a more acute angle than at present ; the side aisles have obviously been intended for vault- ing, the imposts of the arches and cross-springer&i re- maining on each of the clustered pillars and on corresponding ones against the opposite walls: this, however, seems never to have been completed, as only one of the compartments, which forms the floor of the bel&y, is now vaulted ; nor have the others any sem- blance of ruin, being in exact uniformity, and apparently as left by the builder.
In the chancel are four pillars, equal in magnitude to the principal ones at the west end, undoubtedly raised to sustain a part "of the pressure of a tower in the centre of the conventual church. This tower has been connected with those of the west end by the gaUeries previously mentioned. The light from the east is admitted by two parallel windows, about four feet asunder ; between these is placed a crucifix, now nearly demolished, which seems to date the erection from the reign of Queen Mary. The floor of the altar has been raised at the same period, and is ascended by three deep and broad steps. About one- third of the building is fitted up for public worship, and is calculated to accommodate about one thousand people, with sufficient capability of being extended so as to afibrd accommodation to double that nuniber : the pews on the ground floor are utterly devoid of regularity, but those in the galleries are in a somewhat better style. The pulpit, a hexagon of old oak, exhibiting fine speci- paipit.
VOL. IV. c
10 HISTORY OF
■ t/uN IV. mens of carving in cUio relievo, is affixed to the partition which divides the nave from the chancel. In an arch of this partition^ above the middle aisle^ b placed an escutcheon of the royal arms^ with the motto of Queen Anne^ in whose reign the partition has probably been erected, from the date 1713 on the back of the escut* cheon. The altar-piece is a large wooden ceiling, con- taining tlie Lord's prayer, the creed, and the decalogue, the latter supported by full-length figures of Moses and Aaron, and panelled with a most exquisite imitation of marble: this work is probably coeval mih the escut- cheon, both appearing to be the productions of the same artist The auditory is separated from tlie west end of the church by a light and handsome glazed ceiling, erected in 1803, at the distance of seventy-three feet
Tont. from the entrance. The font is a magnificent specimen
of the turbinated madreporite, upwards of three feet in diameter: but its external beauty is completely con- cealed by a coating of yellow paint. There are no monuments either remarkable for antiquity or for beauty: the former have been destroyed by the violent zeal of the puritans, and of the latter no superior specimens have been exhibited. Some of the inscriptions are elegant and interesting, but the prescribed limits of this work preclude their admission. In the chancel is a remarkable long grey slab, supposed, vnth much pro- bability, to mark the sepulchre of some one of the superiors of the convent. A large recumbent slab, near the font, has been furnished with a brass plate repre- senting a knight in armour, vrith folded hands, his head resting on a cushion; each of the four comers has had an escutcheon of brass, but the whole has long ago been taken away. On a black stone tablet, on the 'opposite side of the font, bearing the date 1587, is the
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 11
oldest legible inacriptiai now remaining. In the same o a a p. part of the church is a large black stone ocri&irlid^ of ^
very early workmanship. It is entirely covered with
sculptmre^ representing dragons fighting, jfisop's fable
of the Fox and Crane, a Norman house, &c. The interior dimensions of the present building are Dimen-
as follow :
Feet.
Length 188
Breadth 68
Height of the nave 69
Height of the great window 50
Breadth 27
The burial-ground, unlike those of other churches^ Burial was, until lately, wholly on the north and north-east *'^"° ' of the building, and, being the principal receptacle of mortality for an extensive and a populous parish,- had become crowded to excess; insomuch that to inter a corpse, without untenanting the relics of a former occupant, was utterly impossible. To remedy this in- convenience, the enclosure on the south and east of the church was purchased in 1809, and re-conaecrated by his grace the present archbishop of York in 1813. This ground^ of which nearly the whole length had been occupied by the. site] of the church in its pristine state, presented a surface so irregular, and was such -a compound of rubbish and ruin, as to be totally unfit for the purposes of sepulture ; to obviate this, a part of the ground was trenched or dug over, previous to the cere- mony of consecration. The workmen, during the pro- cess, dug up a range of the foundations of pillars in a line with those which separate the nave from the north aisle; two human skeletons, enclosed in vaulte of wrought free-stone, about one hundred and fifty yards
12 HISTORY OP
BOOK IV from the chureh; togetiier with many losds' of broken and squared stones^ but no inscription whatever. The greater part of the ground was turned over^ from twenty to forty years ago, in search of the chalk stone, of which the floor and much of the inner work had, been composed; many highly-ornamented fragments, and probably many inscriptions, were sacrificed, being burnt to lime, in a kiln erected on the spot for that purpose. In 1786 a fl-ee-stone coffin was dug up, eastward of the church ; and a square slab of chalk-stone, bearing a marginal memorial of the death of a prior of this place : the name was wanting, but the date referred to that of Robert Danby, the 27th prior. Within the recollection of many was a hill at the east end of the church, formed of stones and rubbish, which gave to the place the name of Hill-hole, a name now gradually changing to that of the new burial-ground. Another portion of the ground on the east was trenched during die spring of 1821. Sixty paces from the end of the church, and four feet in the ground, was found a vault of squared chalk stones placed edgewise, and covered by transverse ones : a thigh bone of the skeleton found within measured nineteen inches in length. At different distances were four qther vaults, deprived of their coverings, but containing human bones. In a line with the southern partition of the nave were the. base- ments of five pillars ; the centre of the most distant one hundred and fifty-two, and that of the nearest seventy- eight feet, from the wall of the church. Three others, in the same line, and nearer to the building, were dug up in 1813. On the 31st of March, 1821, at a distance of one hundred and fifty-four feet, in what was once the nave or choir, three feet below the surface of the ground, and on a level with the former floor, was
THE COUNTY OF YORK* 13
discovered a white stone tablet^ three feet in length; CHaf.
round the margin was part of an inscription, recording '- —
the sepulture of Robert Charder, a canon, over the time of whose death is thrown a slight shade of ob* scurity, by the absence of the century, which has beeii on a separate stone and taken up at some earlier period ; but, from the extremely fine preservation of the characters, the uninjured ornament in the middle of the stone, and the adoption of the letter J in the word Jacet, there can be little doubt of the date having been 1535. Of the transept, or cross aisle, of the prioiy church, no other traces exist than the eastern pillars of the church, and the rubbish intermixed with the soil. Tlie basements of two of the transept pillars on the south-east, and about thirty feet of the foundation of the western wall, have recently been taken up. Within this part of the original building, a little southward of the intersection of the nave, the workmen, in the latter end of April, 1821, discovered a coflSn of free-stone, at the depth of four feet, covered by transverse chalk- stones. The bones enclosed were in a very advanced state of decay, but a. considerable portion of hair, and of the serge in which the body had been enveloped, remained in astonishing preservation ; particles of these were by many preserved as relics, and a small portion of each is in the possession of the author of the Sketches of Bridlington. Whether the hair, whidi is flaxen, and rather inclining to red, may have belonged to the scalp or to the beard, is difficult to determine; all opportunity of discovery from its position being utterly destroyed by some young men, who, during the temporary absence of the workmen, and before the whole of the coffin was laid bare, inconside- rately displaced one of the covering stones at the feet^
U HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. j^iij^ t,y inserting a spade^ produced a mortifying and disgusting spectacle when the whole became uncovered. The hollow of the coffin was upwards of six feet in lenglh^ and^ irom the colour and fracture^ apparently as fresh as if just turned from the hands of the workman. As an object of curiosity to some future generation, the coffin was sufiered to remain, its situation being marked by two posts fixed in the ground. The following very legible but somewhat injured inscription, found on the spot, engraven, like all those hitherto discovered, on die margins of two chalk-stone tablets, determines the remains to be those of the 25th prior :
Wtit iarrt tnts KoM. Vrsstbfift tpto Ha yrior bur locc % tAiit oito Ho m rct( iuiiiage«Cmo i^ twc tU$ ^ici$t He amen.
which may be rendered, '' Here lieth Sir Robert Brystwyk, formerly prior of this place, who died A. D. 1493: on whose soul God have mercy. Amen." At the south*east comer of the church yet remain one of tiie sides and part of the arch of a window belonging to the transept From this comer a cloister has extended to the south door, westward of which has been a vaulted apartment sixty-one feet in length, and eleven feet and a half in breadth. The line of the arches on the wall is broken by the erection of three buttresses, of a com- paratively recent date. A letter, preserved in Burton's Monasticon, from Richard Bellycys, written in No- vember, 1538, but erroneously printed 1558, satisfac- torily accounts for the demolition of the church and the monastery. The writer, after recounting his fidelity in the destmction of Jerveaux abbey, observes, " And as for Bridlington, I have done nothing there as yet, but spayreth it to March next, . b^cfiuse the days are now so
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 15
very short; and from sueh time as I begm^ I trust ^S.^^*
shortly to dispatch it after such fashion^ that then nil is
finished, I trust, your lordship hath appointed me to do.** Enough of the priory had, however, survived his dilapidations^ to give the name of ^^ old walls" to an ea* closure on the south ; but the finishing stroke to its granr deur was given by Queen Elizabeth, who, in her grant of the manor to John Stanhope, empowered that gen* tieman to take all the '^ old stones on the site of. the said formerly monastery remaining^ and not yet sold or laid out," for the purpose of rebuilding the pier, then in '' great ruin and decay." In the old walls and coti^ tignons gardens many foundations of pillars, cells, and out-ofBces, have occasionally been discovered ; the clay fioor, brick hearth, and side wall, of a small buildings about sixty yards from the south wall of flie chancel, were dug up in March, 1821.
In the burial-ground is a tablet with the following short inscription :
" 1649. * Thomas Newman, aged IM. *^ This stone was refaced in 1771, to preserve the recollection of this remarkable prolonfjpation of human life.*'
The manor of Bridlington formed part of the pos* Manon. sessions of Earl Morcar, until the property of that nobleman became confiscated in 1072. At the time of the Norman survey, this manor, then in the hands of the king, contained one church, and, with its two hamlets, Hildcrthorpe and Wilsthorpe, thirteen caru- cates of taxable land ; of these seven were arable, the remaining six being barren pasture, with the exception of eight acres of meadow, and the residue of the lord- ship entirely waste. The valuation, which, in the reign of Edward the confessor, had been thirty-two pounds
16 HISTORY OF
"OQ*^tv* per annum^ was, in the twentieth year of William I., reduced to the annual rental of eight shillings. Thia extraordinary depreciation conveys a terrific idea of the vindictive cruelty which had depopulated the country ; and is rendered still more impressive by the xecol- lection, that this was fifteen years after the depopulation bad taken place.
- To the soke of Bridlington appertained the townships of Martone, Basinghebi, Estone, Bovington, Grendale, Spretone^ Bocketon, Flaistone, Stacktone, Foxhele, Eilestolf, Galmeton, and Widefeston, jointly containing eighty-eight carucates of taxable land, of which only thirty were under cultivation. No names are now to be found' in this neighbourhood corresponding with Elestolf and Widefeston, which have, in all likelihood, been seated on the shore, and destroyed by the en croachments of the sea.
Foremost in the ranks of the Normans, and nearly allied 'to their leader, came Gilbert de Gant,** a Flemish noble, on whom the confiscated estates were lavishly bestowed, and who seated himself at Folking- bam, in Lincolnshire, as the head of his barony. This warrior had the grant of this manor, which was subse- quently given by his son to the priory at this place.
On the confiscation of monastic estates, the manor and rectory of Bridlington became vested in the crown. The manor was granted by lease, in the eighth year of Elisabeth, to twelve inhabitants of the town, for the
' * Gilbert de Oant, son of Baldwin, earl of Flanders, and nephew to WlUlara the conqueror, landing in England with him, and assistinf him in his conquest here, had the lands of one Tour, a Dane, then given him, with several other grants ; for at the general survey, it appears that he possessed flfty-four lordships in several counties, of which Folkingham, in Lincolnshire, was one.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 17
term of forty years ; at the mid of twenty-five years, € a a p.
however, the lease became forfeited by tbe non-paymeat —
of tbe stipulated rental, and writs were issued against die defaulters for arrears of £2^000. Tbe lordship was then granted on lease to John Stanhope, Esq., one of the gentlemen of the privy chamber, at the same rental as held by the former lessees; and four years aftep> ward, in the thirty*seyenth year of Elizabeth, to ten inhabitants of Bridlington for forty-one years. This lease^ like tiie former ones, appears not to have been fulfilled, as James L,' in 1624, conferred the manor on Sir John Ramsey, recently created earl of Holdemess, '* as a reward for the great services the earl had per- formed, by delivering his majesty from the conspiracies of the Gowries, and also for the better support of the high dignity to which he had been lately raised." On the earl's decease, his estates devolved to his brother. Sir George Ramsey, of Coldstream, in Scotland, of whom this manor was purchased in the year 1633, for £3,360, by William Corbett, and twelve other of the inhabitants, in behalf of themselves, and all the other tenants or freeholders within the manor. By a deed, bearing date the 6th of May, 1636, Corbett and his dissociates were acknowledged joint lord-feoflTees of the mamnr, and were empowered to call to their assistance twelve odier of the inhabitants, to manage the afiairs of the town. When tfie lord-feofiees should be reduced to six, the survivors were directed to elect seven odien firom among the assistants, and afterward choose so many of the inhabitants as should restore their number te twelve. The feofilees were also directed annually to elect one of their number as chief lord of the manor, in whose name the courts should be called, and the business of the town transacted; the election is still
VOL. IV. D
18 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. continued on the 2d day of Februaiy. The manor in all its changes was charged with an annual fee«fann rent of £152. n$.5id.y which, in 1777, was paid to the Countess Temple, and is how paid to the represen- tatives of the late H. T. Jones, Esq.* The lordship contains upwards of two thousand acres, and has been enclosed, pursuant to an act of parliament, passed in 1768.
Priory. Gilbert, to whom the manor of Bridlington had been
granted subsequent to the year 1086, was succeeded by Walter de Gant, his son, who here founded and en- dowed a priory, on a scale correspondent to his power and possessions : the precise date of its erection «annot now be ascertained, but its completion, in all proba- bility, was not earlier than 1114, the house being peopled by canons regular of the order of St. Augus- tine, which order ' was not introduced into England before that year. According to a manuscript in the Bodleian library, this monastery was dedicated to St. Mary and St. Nicholas, which, as St. Nicholas was the patron saint of seamen^ has an air of probability ; but as the charters of the monastery mention only the blessed Virgin, we may conclude that the dedication was to St Mary alone. Gilbert, the eldest son of the founder, was baptized, and received his early education, in this house, to which he afterwards proved a great benefactor; liberal donations were also bestowed by oth^r nobles.
I^osses- Among the possessions of this priory may be enume-
rated the following :
William de Ross, lord of Hamlake, confirmed to the canons, the manor of Acclom, which his ancestors had
* Thompson, p. 105. .. i
THE COUNTY OF VORK. 19
given to thepn; in which the said canons had four caru- chap. cates, two oxgangs, and eighteen acres of land^ with ■
four acres of meadow and eighteen tofts.
Roger de Mowbray^ when about to visit the Holy Land^ gave to his friend William de TykhiU all the manor and town of Askham^ with the advowson of the church ; and William^ son of Roger de Askham^ gave to the priory all the said lands^ with a capital messuage and mill, together with the service of Herbert de Hoi* deroess and his heirs, for two oxgangs of land here — of Richard de Amal and his heirs, for half a carucate of land in the same territory — and of the rector of Ask- ham, for the time being, for two cultures of arable land.
The church of Boynton, the gift of Gralfirid, the steward, was confirmed to the canons by King Henry II. The churdi was afterwards granted, or more probably confirmed^ to the priory, by William le Gros, earl 'of Albemarle, and was appropriated, and additionally con- firmed, by Pope Eugenius IIL and by William de Greofield, archbishop of York. The latter primate, in 1310, confirmed to the canons, the parochial church in diis place.
King Jdm, on the 6th of December, A. D. 1200, granted ** to God and the church of St Mary of Brid- Ibgton, and the canons there serving God, a fair, in every year, at Bridlington, to continue two days, to wit, upon the ^ve of the assumption of the blessed Mary, and on the day of the same festival, and one market to be held there every week, viz. on the Saturday."
King Stephen, in the'' fifteenth year of his reign^ granted that the prior and canons should have all kinds of chattels of all felons and fugitives, within the town and precincts of Bridlington ; with all kinds of wreck
StO HISTORV OF
POOK^ 'v« of the sea^ which ehould in futui^ haf^pm between Earl's Dyke and Flamborough Dyke.
The church at Kemetby (Carnaby) waa given to tiie priory by Robert de Percy ; this donation was coofirmed by Henry de Percy,* with the addition of iix oxgaags of land and six tofts and crofts : these benrfactions weie also confirmed by Pope Cekstme III.
Alice^ dan^ter of Gilbert de Gaut, eaii of Lincoln, ga?e to the canons of Bridlington free passage over the Humber, from South Ferriby, for themsdves and their men; and confirmed to ttiem all the grants of Walter de Gant, her grandfather, and of Gilbert, her father.
Walter de Gant gave a mediety of the chumh here, which was confirmed by Popes Eugenins III. and Celestme III. Edward L in 1309, granted his license to the canons to bestow the patronage of their mediety on John Albebery, bishop of Linooln.
Walter de Gant, at the foundation of the monastery, gave half a camcate of l«id and die church, at Filey, which was confirmed by Honorius III. Eugenius III. and Celestine III. This church was appropriated to the bouse, and had no incumbent presentable,' b^g served by a stipendiary cumte, provided by the prior.
Ralph, soii of Ralph de Nevil, gave the stone in his quarry, or of his rocks> here, towards builcting the monastery and offices at Bridlington.
The tithe of fish at Filey proved a bone of contention between the canons of Bridlington and the monks of M^tby; and disagreements arose on the subject so early as the time of Ghiicbeman, the first prior, when a dispute was ended, in 1122, by the dean and chapter of York, who ordained '* that the fishermen of Whiteby,
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 21
when ihfj put in at Vmiej, shall tiiere faithfully pay <^|,^P* flieir tithes for ever : and likewise the flsherttMn ef Fl^e- ■ ■ Uj, when they put in atWhftebyj shall ttiete faithfully pay their tithes for e^er.'' Some infringement on this sgreemeot appears to have afhrwardb taken place^ ss Hu§^ prior of Bridlington^ complained to the court of Bomef all 1190, of injustice done to hkn, and^ in conse- quence, Cddstine III» in the following year, commis* sioned the Abbot of Rievaulx, and the priors of ICif'kham and Warter^ to examine the case and decide thereon, when they determined that the abbot of Whitby should " never more molest the fishermen of Fiveley when they came into Whitby harbour, and obliged him to quit chum to all ri^ he had to any tithe fbom them/'
The prior of Bridlington was also engaged in a contr6- versy with file prior of Grrimsby^ before 1196, about the tithe of fish taken at Fiky, which was decreed in fitvour of the former, by Emald, abbot of Rievaulx, Anketillus, prior of Nostel, and Hamo, precentor of Yotk.
Popes Eugeaius III. and CeWtine IIL confirmed the gift of the church at Flemeburg (Flamborough), by William Fitft-Nigel ; vriiich church was appropriated to the canons, so that no vicarage was ordained therein, the duties being performed by a stipendiary curate, to whom an annual salary of £16 was allowed.
Robert Oonstable de Flaynburg gave one oxgang of knd here, and added other donations to the church of St Oswald, in this place, towards the support of two altars tiierem ; one, that of St Thomas, the other, that of Mary Magdalen*
^* Some diflbrenees which had iiHsen between the prior and convent of Bridlington and Sir Robert de Con- stable and his fishermen of Flaynburgh, respecting the tithe of fish, were adjusted in the church of St Oswald;
98 HISTORY OF
BOOK iv> wben Sir Robert^ with Ae consent of Dame Julian^ his . mother^ and aliso all his fishermen, did faithfully oblige them, by promise, to pay to God and the church of St. Oswald of Flameburgh, and to the prior and convent of Bridlington, quarterly, the tithes of the whole of their fish, without any deduction for nets, boats, or other expenses; and that if a boat should be lost in a storm, a new one should be provided out of the common stod^: the prior and convent at the same time agreed to give out of their grace, on every Martinmas*day, in the ancient house of Sir Robertas court of Flamburgh, twelve loaves of white bread, and 6d for companage, to the crew of every fishing-boat ; and to each of the fishers four flaggons, and to the governor or steersman, eight flaggons of ale, with liberty for them to drink the whole or aYiy part of it in the house, or to take it away, at their pleasure. For the faithful performance of this contract, the fishermen, on their oaths, swore to ac- knowledge themselves exconmiunicated, should they fail in the fulfilment of their promises." — The right of tithe of fish here was confirmed to the convent, in 1314.
Richard, son of Henry, confirmed ** for a free and perpetual alms to the church of St Mary of Berlington, and the canons there serving God, the church of Gausla (Goxhill), with all its appurtenances, for the redemption of the soul of his father, who gave the same to the same church, and for the salvation of his own soul, and the souls of his relatives and friends." Tins church was confirmed and appropriated to the canons to support hospitality, by Pope Clement III. also by Celestine III. who gave the obventions and fruits thereof; by Boniface VIII. by Benedict XL by Robert, bishop of Lincoln, and by King Edward I.
John, bishop of Lincoln, in 1308, confirmed the
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 83
appropriation^ and ordained a vicarage therein, endow- c u A P.
ing it as follows, vl«. That the vicar, for the time being, '- —
shonld have all the manse or dwelling in Oonsle, com- monly called the prior of Bridlington's dwelling-house, to be fitted up for the first time at the expense of the canons ; or else he should have the third part of the demesne manor of the church, whereon to build a house, at the cost of the said religious. The^vicar was like- wise to have half an oxgang of the demesne land of the said church, with all small tithes, oblations, and obven- tions, except the tithe of wool and Iamb, in this parish ; which, with the residue of the demesne lands, and all tithes^of com and hay of the said parish and church, and all the temporals, should belong to the canons, they i>aying yearly, ten marks sterling, to the vicar, for the time being, who was to bear all ordinary burdens of the church, except the building and repairing of the chancel, and the archidiaconal procurations, which should be defrayed by the said religious, together with the procurations at the dedication or reconciliation of the church, or cemetery, when they should happen, as well as pay all papal impositions,' obventions and con- tributions: but, for all the extraordinary burdens, of , what nature soever, the vicar for the time being should bear his proportion for his vicarage, then taxed at £12 per annum, which was confirmed by the subdean and chapter, and ratified by the prior and convent of Brid* lington, in their chapter.
The church of St. Andrew, at Swaledale-cum- Grrenton, was conferred on the priory by Walter de Gant, the founder.
William de Ottringham, and Richard, his brother, gave the church of Ottringham, with a croft, and the tithe of their mill. The obventions and fruits of this
94 HISTORY OF
WK)K IV. church v^ere appropriated to the oinotu by Pope Ole* ment III. for the support of hospitality.
To the convent of Cistercians at Scarbwough was granted ^^ the church of St Mary> the jurisdiction of the ancient chapel within the castle, and all other chapels, as well within the walls of the town, as without'' This house was seised as an alien priory, by Henry IV. who granted the sum of 110 marks to be paid, yearly to the prior and convent of Bridlington, from the parish church of Scardeburgh so long as it should remain in the hands of the king. This sum of 110 marks was commanded by Henry V. to be paid into his exchequer, by the prior of BridlingUm ; Henry VL released the payment ; and Edward IV. in the first year of his reign, iVom his '^ great regard for the praise and honour of God, and of the blessed and glorious Virgin Mary of Bridlington, and for the special respect which he had for, and bore towards, the glorious Confessor, the holy John, formerly prior of die aforesaid place, granted and confirmed to the canons and convent of the monastery of the blessed Mary of Bridlington, and their successors, the said church of Scardeburgh, with all its chapels, rents, courts, suits, services, possessions, liberties, and all other profits and advantages, of whatever kind, respecting or appertaining thereto, and the advowson and patronage of the same church, with every thing appertaining, to have and to hold by the same canons s and convent, and their successors, for a pure and per- petual alms for ever," without any compensation being rendered to him or to his heirs for the same.
Walter de Ver, son of Ade of Gousla, gave the church of St Swithin at Sproteley for the support of the hospitality of Bridlington, and bound himself by his " bodily oath, never to move any unjust suit against the
THE COUNTY OF VORK. tS
prior and crnions eonoeming flie diuirch of Sproatley/' c ir ap« This grant was confirmed by Eugenins III.
The annual revenue of this priory was £682. 13s. 9d. Dissoli^ according to Speed ; bnt^ according to Dugdale, only £547. 6s. Id. The difference which invariably exists in the statements of these authors is usually accounted for by supposing that the former gives the gross and the latter the net amount of the rental ; but there exists^ in this instance, a difference far too great to have been expended in pensions and other outpaymentsj and almost induces a belief that some item has escaped Dugdale*s observation.
The following survey of this*^ priory was made about Survey of the thirty-second year of the reign of Henry VIII. It is ^'^^P'^^'^- very curious, and minutely describes the stAto of this religions house at the period.
n$ DiMerift'^ rf the Mftmittry or Prjfprf of B^frdlingiau withs the Churdu there, beyng m dyetance h^l/e a m§le from the Sm«
Tn GATsnovBB.-^PAirste ihd Priory of Bridlyngtoa stondyth on the Est parte of the Towne of Brydlyngtoii, and at the eammyog yn of the same Priory is a QMebouse fours s^ars of Towre facyon» buylded with PAiestons^ and well eovered with leade. Asd one the South Syde of tlie same Gatehouse ys a Porter's lodge w* a Cbymney, a rounds Stayre ledyng up to a hye Chamber wherein the three Wel^s Coorte ys alwayes kept in w* a Chyinney in the same, and betweeoe the Stayre foote .and the same hie Chamber wiere the Coarte ys Icepte be tow proper Cfaanbers one above the other w* Chyomeys. In the Northe syde of the same Gate- house ys there a Prison for offenders, w*ia tfie Towns called the Kydcott. And in the same Nortiisyde ys a lyke psyre of Stayres ledyng up to one hye Chamber in the same Towre with a Chymney.
VOL. IV. E
W HISTORY OF
BOOK IV« M' that all the Wyndowes of the aayd Towre be clerely w'oute glawe.
LopeYNOS AND StABI^BS foe STRAUKOBM.-^t^ ODO the
Northsyde of the same Gatehouse* to the Priory warde, be dy vers Lodgyns aod Stable for Straungers wiche be greatly in decaye for lacke of reparacyon and covered with slatt
Tbb Churchb. — Ffarst die seid Churche ys well buylded w' stone and tymber and cov'ed w' lead, whiche Churche conteynyth in lenthe from the ende of the parysshe Churche Estward Iviij pac's and in bredyth xxvj pac's.
The Steple beyng Towre fTashyon ys highe & daunge* rously in decaye.
There be in the same Steple seven Bells mete to be «>ngen all at one tyme yff yt so happen.
The seyd Churche ys devided the on part for the Pryory and CovenC, and the nether parte for the parysshe Churche.
The on part of the seyd Churche ys well coveryd w' Waynscott.
The Stalls of the Quear be substancyall and newly made aft' the right goodly fashyon.
The Reredose at the highe Alter representyng Criste at the Assumpcyon of our Lady and the xij Appostells, w* dy vers othe great Imagys^ beyng of a great heyght, ys excel- lently well wrought and as well gylted, and betwene the same and the Est Wyndow ys Saynt John of Brydlyngton Shryn^ in a fay re Chappel on hyghe» having on ayther syde a stay re of Stone for to goo and cume by.
It'm under neythe ihe sayde Shryne be fyve Chappells w* fyve alters and small Tables of Alleblaster and Imag's.
It'm towe lytle Closetts of waynscott on eyther syde the quear one w' Alters.
. Item a lytle jChapell w' yron gratys ol eyther syde con- teyneth in lenght v pac's and a halfe.
It'm the South yle of the quear contayneth Ivj pac's in length & iiij pac's in breddyth, w' narrowe Glasse Wyndowea* ev'ry one of theym of one hyghte, and toowe Wyndows
THE COUNTY OF YORK. «7
«* lyre lyghtB a pece. And a dooUe Storye all white CflAP. Glaa.e. ' ^"'
Item the North yie of the qaear conteyneth Ivj pace in leng:th and foare in bredyth^ w* a xj Damme Oiane Wyn- dowes of one hyght why te Glaase.
It'm in the Est ende of the Churche ya a xj Wyndows, whereof X be of one lygfat and one of three lyghts.
Itfm on the South Syde of the same Churche yt the Veatrye well covered with lead.
Tbb Prtor's LoDGTKa. — ^Toere standith on the South 8yde of the aeid Churche the Prion Lodgyng, wherein ya a hawle, to the whiche hall ledyth a Stayre of iiij foole brode and of XX Steppya highe, whiche Stayrea be on 'the South Syde of the same hall ; the aeyd hall conteyneth in length from the Skyven to the highe Deake xvitj pac'a^ and in breddith x pac'a, and well covered with lede.
It' on the North Syde of the same Hall ys there a great Chamber where the Priour alwayea dyned, eonteynyng in length XX pac% and in breddyth ix pac's, well coveryd withe iede.
If at the west ende of the same great Chamber ya there a proper lytle Chamber mhiche was the Priors slepyng Cham, ber, covered w^ lede ; and ov' the same Chamber ys a Garrett
It' at the Eat syde of the same great Chamber ya a lytle Chappell, with a Closett adioynyng to the same.
It' at the South ende of the Hawle ys the Buttrie and Pantrie under one Office, and one the same ende a Chamber called the Audytors Chamber.
Il^ at the same ende of the Hawle, & on the west syde ya a fayre p'lor, or a Chamber called the lowe Sbm' parlo'r, ov' the whiche Som' Parlor or Chamber ys another ^yre Cham, ber covered w* lede» and adioynyng to the aame highe Cham- ber on the Est Syde be thre lytle Chambers for Servannta.
It' at the South ende of the same Hawle ys the Pryors iCechyn, whiche ys an olde Kechyn w' three lovera covered w^ lede, and adjoynyng to the same Kechyn ys there a Chamber called the South Sellerers Chamber.
t8 HISTOilY OF
Bfmic IV. Tbb CbmT9R«<-*Ii'ip on t^ Est A^de of tl^e Pryois I Hawle stondythe the Cloyster, whiche conteynyth in iengtb
xxxf iij p«<f 8 und in bredd^ib foure pfic's and io foure sqiHure w* lyke len^ and brcKldytbj, •& vreli cov'ed w' lede.
Thb FaATRiB.— If on .4ha SouUi Syde of the saiw CSoyater ys tbe Sfratre whiche conteynyth in length* xxiij pac'8 & in bfeddytb« X pac'e Ifuylded w^ ffree stone and well covered with iede^
TftE Chaptbr Housb.— It' on the Est syde of the same Cloyster ys a ytry fayre Ghapter House w* ix fayre lyghts aboute the same> w' wby te glasse and sume Imageries coveryd w^ lede spere facyon.
' Tbb Dortob.— It' on the same syde of the Clojwter ys Ihe Dorto' goyng up a payte of stayres of stone xx steppes highe, lying North and Sooth, Se conteyoyth in length Ixvi^p pac'8 and in breddyth ix pac'Sj also well covered wytb lede, and at the South <nd and West syde of the same Dortor ys a long house of Offyoe eovered with slatt.
Thb Trbasorib Housb.— If at tbe ende & syde ys the Tresaurie House covered w^ lede and tower fashion, whiche ' ys a Strong House.
ToB Old FnUTRiB w' tbb Ffarmobtb. — It'm on the Est Syde of the same Dortor ys the old ffratiie and fannorj, coyered w^ lede and under one BAoff, and on the Est Syde of the same firatrie ys a Chamber covered w' lede, called the Highe Cellerevs Chamber.
Satnt Cudbbrdds CbafpbIiU' — If on the Est Syde 9f the same ffarmory ys a Cfaappell called |he fturmory Chappel)' otherwyse caHed Ssynt Giidbardds Cbappell' whiche ys well covetwd with lede.
TiTB Nbw CuAMBWRr^lV On the North syde of the same Chappy ys a propre new bayldyng called tbe New Chamber, hi which SF SoV Constable muehe layein; co- vered w* slatt.
Tbb Bakrboosb and Bbbwb housb.— If on tbe 8oa|h Syde of the same lAonasfy ys a Bakehouse $iid a B^ewis- house whiche by reporte of olde men was suibtyBie a Nuorie.
THE COUNTY OP YORK. »
3y syghtllleBiikeboiiaewastkB Body of ifae Churehe, the CHAP. Rooff whereof is covered w« ektt and the lict w« le^. The ^"' - Brewe Home jb where the qoeife eeewd to be; end ys e<H veryd w* lede adjoynyng onto the Est pert of the Bekehooae.
Tbb Mtlnb.-^U' on the Northsyde of the seme Bake- boose and Brewehouse standyth a ffayre Hone ]f ylne newly buyldyd & covered w' Slatt.
Thb Barnb Yabdb. — It' there ya a great Bame Yarde on the Northsyde of the seyd Pryorye cont' by estymaeyon foure Acres.
Tbb Barnb. — It'm there ys on the Northsyde of the same Bame Yarde a very fayre Barne conteynyng in leng^th &t and West, Cxvij pac's, and in breddith xxvij pac's well eof erad iritii lede to the yalae of iyye hnndred m'ks, and so yt ys offered for.
I^B 6AB1IBB0. — It' on the South syde of the same Barne atandytb a Cramerd to lay Coma in, conteynyng ia length North & Sooth, uvj yards* and hi' hreddy th x yerds covered with lede.
Tbb Maltbousb.— It' on the Est syde of the same Garnord standyth the Malthoose cont' in length North ft Sonth xliiij yerds/ and in breddith xrij yards, well ^covered w' lede; and on the North syde of the same Malthonse standyth a prety House with a Chamber where the Hervest taien dyd alwayes dyne, covered with slatt
Tbb Ktlnb Hou8B.-*It'm on the £st syde of the same Malthonse standitfa a Kylne House covered with slatt
Oi*nB Stablbs & OxBTALLBS. — It'm on the fist & West syde of the Bame Yerde standyth olde Stables, OxestalPi^ w* other olde houses buylded w* stone^. coveted with slatib' greatly in decaye.
RTGBABn POLLABD.* . .
* This interesting doeammit is withmit date, but from its having tiM ligestare of Richard Pollard, w^ was one of the lcing*s general ssrfeyors, the tine of its being written may be Axed at about the M of Henry VIII. It Is among the records in the Chapter-house,
priors.
aO HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. Among the Harleian charters in the British museum Seals. there, is an imperfect impression of the common seal of this priory, together with a counter-seal. The former exhibits two figures, seated under a canopy, one male, the other female. The counter- seal has upon it the blessed Virgin, crowned, with the Saviour in her arms. List of the The register-book of this priory is in the possession of Sir William Ingilby, Bart, of Ripley.
The following enumeration of the priors of Bridlington and notices of the foundation are taken from Burton's Monasticon Eboracense.
Guicheman, or Wikeman^ occurs in a dispute re- specting the tithe of fish at Filey, which dispute was settled in 1122.
Henry I. granted that the canons should have thol, theam, soc, sac, and infongentheaf, with all liberties and customs enjoyed by other religious houses in Yorkshire. The privileges, immunities, and possessions of this house were subsequently confirmed by several of the English sovereigns and of the Roman pontiffi.
Adebold, contemporary with Thurstan, archbishop of York, who died in 1139.
Bernard* occurs as witness to a charter granted by Henry, archbishop of York^ to the monastery of Whitby, in 1152. He was succeeded by
Robert, surnamed the Scribe^ from his having
Wefltminster, which have been arranged and preserved with sach unremitting leal and care by the present keeper,- John Caley, Esq. F. R. 8., a gentleman whose extensive knowledge in the history and antiquities of his country, is only ezoeeded by his kindness, urbanity, and liberality, to those who have occasion to apply to him for Ms valuable assistance. We are Indebted to him for permiMion to print this survey. * In the Monasticon placed as prior, ia 1 145.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 31
written and compiled maity great works^ Leland^ who ^ S^ ^*
rmtfid the monasteries in 1534^ looked over his —
writings, then preserved in the library of the priory, and informs us that he was interred in the cloister, near the door of the chapter-house^ with this inscriptioUj Roherius Cognamenio Scriba, Quartus Prior. . He occurs about A.D. 1160.
The pirates of Norway having made a descent on the northern coast, and plundered the abbey and vicinity of Whitby, in 1164, the priories of Bridlington and Guisborough were forti6ed with walls and ditches, so that they were enabled to resist an enemy and to stand a few days' siege*
Gregory witnessed a charter granted by Roger, archbishop of York, to the abbey of Whitby, in 1170, and again in 1173. His successor
Hugh, was engaged in a controversy with Peter, abbot of Whitby, concerning the tithe of fish at Filey, in 1190. To Hugh succeeded
Helyas, who occurs about A« D. 1200.
William of Newburgh, a celebrated monkish historian, who flourished in the reign of King John, was a native of Bridlington, but, having become .a canon of New- burgh, took bis surname from thence. His principal historical -work commences with the Norman Conquest, and ends with the year 1197. In purity of style he is, by Dr. Watts, preferred to Matthew Paris, and equalled with Eadmer and Malmsbury. His works have been published by Heame.
Pope Innocent IIL who filled the papal chair from 1198 to 1216, granted to the canons several important privileges, one of which was the power of excommuni- cating all such as should unjustly deprive them of their property.
3) HISTORY OP
BOOK IV Hubert occurs in 1218.
^" Thomas^ who had. a dfapuie with the abbot of Whitby respecting the pasturage at Scalby, in 1231. This prior again occurs iii 1349.
John, who was elected his succeisBor, occurs ia 37 Henry III* A. D. 1S52; and was succeeded by
Geoffiry de Nafierton>* who first occurs in 1262; he again occurs in 1291.
Gerard de Burtonf occurs in 1297. This prior was summoned by a mandate, dated at Doyer, the 10th of Jan. 1 Edward II. to attend the king's coronation. Burton says that he resigned, and Willis, that he died, in 1315 : he was succeeded by
Peter de Wyrethofpe, who had been a caaon in this house; he was confirmed prior, April 11, 1315, and resigned in 1321.
Robert de Scardeburg^, elected in A. EL 1321, but according to Willis, in 1331, was assessed at ten marks towards an aid raised by Edward III. at the marriage of AUanora, bis sister, in 1333 ; the religious houses, notwithstanding their numerous privileges, bein^'often called upon to bear, by contributions under Ihe name of aids or subsidies, a share in the national burdens.
Peter de Appleby, wbo had been a canon ill dns house, was confirmed prior, February 15, 1342. He retired from oflSce, and was succeeded by another canon of this place,
• Sammoiied to |Nirli«m«Dt, at ^ettmlniter, Aig, 1, ttd BdwaBdl.
t Soinmoiied to parHamest* at London or WeatminstMr, oo t|ie flnt Sunday in Lout, March 8, 27tb Edward I. He was also ftamnoned ander the general writ to perform militiary se/Yice againrt the SooU. Muster at CarUsle, on the nativity of St. John the Baptist, June tt, SBth Edward l.'^Palgrave^s Parliamemtar^ Writs, U 406L
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 33
Peter de Cotes, installed January 29/ 1356; who, chap. dying in 1360, was followed by '—
John de Twenge, likewise ia canon Tiere ; he was eoofirmed superior, January 3, 1361, and at his death was succeeded by
William de Driffield, whose rule, like that of his predecessor, was only of short duration, as
John de Bridlington was confirmed on the 13th of July, 1366, He was bom at this place about the year 1319, and received his education at Oxford, where he became honourably distinguished for his talents and acquirements, but the bent of his mind was chiefly towards divination ; on his return he entered himself a eanon regular in the convent of his native town, of which he became sub-prior, and afterward attained the highest dignity it had to bestow. He led a life of the strictest piety and integrity, insomuch, that after hi9 death, which happened in 1379, he was accou&ted a saint, and great miracles were said to be performed at his tomb ; upon which Alexander de Neville, archbishop of York, issued a commission to inquire into the truth of the report
William de Newbold was installed on the 20th November, 1379, in whose time the convent sufiered severely from maritime depredations, the ships of the enemy frequently entering the harbour, and their forces ravaging the country ; a memorial was presented to the king, Richard II. who granted to the canons his license to enclose the priory with walls of stone, and to erect such fortifications as should protect them from future insult William was followed in office by
John de Gryisbume, who occurs in 1420. At his death, he was succeeded by
Robert Ward, a canon of this house, whose election
VOL. IV. p
34 HISTORY OF
BOOK iv. was confirmed April 22, 1429 : he resigned, and was followed by
Robert WiHyf likewise a canon here, who was elected prior in 1444 : he was deprived of his honours^ and received for his superior,
Peter Ellarde, another canon of this place, who was invested with the chief authority, March 2, 1462 : he retired, and had for his successor,
Robert Bristwyk, who wa9 installed September 1, 1472 ; he resigned, and was followed by
John Curson, whose election was confirmed Nov. 13, 1488.
About two years after this prior's investiture died the celebrated alchemist. Sir Geoi^ Ripley. This eminent man, if not a native of Bridlington, was a canon in this monastery, where having continued some tinpie, and devoted himself to the study of alchemy, he travelled into Italy, and employed nearly twenty yeani in abstruse and chimerical researches, to find out the philosopher's stone, the grand desideratum of an igno« rant and credulous age* Returning to his native country, and wishing to spend Ins old age in ease and retirement, he obtained a dispensation from the pope, to leave his canonry, and become a Carmelite Anchorite at Boston, where he wrote twenty-five books, of which the chief was his '^ Compound of Alchymie/' It was dedicated to Edward IV. and possesses little merit in point of versification ; but as an exposition of the science of which it treats, it is sufficiently intelligible, though unfortunately the information it affords is worthless, notwittistanding the assertion of .its commentator Ash- mole, who states that Ripley gave from the treasures procured by his art, £100,000, to assist the kni^ts of
THE COUNTY OP YORK. 35
Bhodes against the Turks. He died m the year 1490^ chap.
and some of his works were published by Elias Ash- • '—
molej Esq. in his " Theatroin Chymicuni firitannicuin."* His works were printed in 12ino. at Cassel^ in 1549.
On the resignation of John Curson^ the chief autho* rity was rested in
Robert Danby^ who was confirmed April 4, 1498 ; and who^ at his death, was succeeded by
John English^ a canon here» whose exaltation was eonfirmed November 19, 1506 : he Jived not long to eiijoy his honours, and was succeeded by another canon of this honse-,
John Holmpton, confirmed prior July 5, 1510 : he died, and was succeeded by
William Brownesfete, who was confirmed in office, June 15, 1521 : after a rule of ten years he resigned, and his successor,
William Wode^ or Wolde, was mstalled June 17, 1531. Having engaged in Aske's rebellion, he was attainted of high treason, and executed at Tyburn, in AD. 1537.
On the defection of this prior, the possessions of the monastery of Bridlington were declared to be forfeited to the king, yet the dissolution of the convent did not take place until the following year. An inquisition was htUd at the castle of York, on the 18th of December, 1538, before James Fox, Esq. the king's escheator, when Sir William Fairfax and others, inquisitors, were examined on oath respecting the value of the manors, ftc in the seisin of William Wode, the late prior, on the 17th January, A. D. 1537 ; at which time the clear annual value of the manor of Bridlington was declared te be £196. 5^. 5d. and that of the rectory £36. 6s. 8d.
• Hioderweirs Hiit. Scarborough, p. 867.
36 HISTORY OF
»oo^ ^v* llie monastery^ with .its contiguous oflSceSj yas de- molished ia the spring of 1539.
Bayiegate. About one hundred and twenty yards westward of the church stands a noble gateway of pointed arehiteieture^ which has formerly bounded the precincts of the convent in that quarter. This gateway is called the Bayle^* and from the style^ was undoubtedly erected in the four- teenih century^ probably about ISSSj when Richard 11. granted license to the canons to enclose and fortify die priory. The eastern (tdnt consists of one wide arch» which does not appear to have^. at any. period, been provided' with gates : theVwestarn> of a lofty arch above the <iarriage-way> cand a ^nxaUer one or postern, Icnr the donvenien^^.^.of foot-passengers:, both these entrances have been protected by. massive gates^ the hooks of which cttili retain Uieiv situations. The vaulted roof of this gateway ib^ striking jspechnen of the art; the riba ate. of free-stone and 'the angular compartments of chaft, which; on account<ef its lightn^sg> was mudi used in this kind ^f roofing :- the cro^s-sprinj^^ers rest on four sculptured figures^ in mouastic habits; onie is repre- sented as elevating i£l shield charged: with a dagger; another, in the act of. playing on the bagpipe; the re* maining two present no pecuUarity. On each side of the &oroughfare is a strong and gloomy apartment; that on the north is used as a place of temporary con- finement for delinc|uents, and is called the Kitcote, a name probably coeval with the building, the place ap« pearing to have originally been intended for its present
* From the Normarf BaUe»'tL prison, or place of security* In towns, according to Grose, the appellation of Balliom was given to any work fenced with palisades, and soiaetimes masonry, eoTOriof the sabarbs.
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THE COUNTY OF YORK. 37
destination.** Above are small .chambers^ and oyer chap. the whole an apartment at present occupied as the —
National school-room for boys^ except a part at the southern end, which has been separated and fitted up as a town-hall, wherein the public business of the town is transacted.
The streets of Bridlington, like tliose of all old towns, are narrow, prooked, and irregular, being only partially provided with flagged causeways. The pavement re- ceives incalculable damage during the winter months, from the ponderous weights pasising in the narrow- wheeled waggons used in this part, of the country.
There are five q)upels in this town, for the Wesleyan Chapelv. Methodists, the Independents, Quakers, Baptists,t and Priinitiv^ Methodists.
The Market, which is held on. Saturday, has consi- Market, derable claim to antiquity, having existed upwards of six hundred years. The matket*cross has long since been deoK^ished, but a sU^t elevation at the lower end of the market-place, partly occupied by a dwelling- house and Aop, still retains the name of Cross-hilt. The market, is plentifully supplied with butchers'-meat, vegetables^ fruit, and othef necessaries, and is princi- pally held in (he west end of High-street ; the piercing blasts of the north rendering the Situation of the market- place, bleak and uncomfortable. Fish can scarcely be termed a marketable commodity, the villages of Flam- borough and Filey famishing an abundant and almost daily supply .J!. The corn-market is well attended; and
* In St.rWilUam*! chapel, which formerly stood on the bridge over the Oaae, at York, was the citj prison, for felons, commonly called the Kidcote.
t A Baptist church was established here in 1096.
t Thompson, ISS.
88 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. the weekly sale of grain^ which is veiy considerable^ is usually effected by samples brought in the pockets of the farmers.* The com-mariLet is a neat edifice^ erected in 1824. TKe market is late in its commencement^ not being fully attended until about two o'clock, and is considerably injured by the morning sale of provisions at the Quay> by the hucksters or country-carriers. An attempt was made by the lord of the manor^ in 1788, to determine the hours of attendance in this < market ; ap- pointing the sale of butter, «ggs> and poultry, to begin not earlier than ten o'clock in the morning, nor that of com before twelve, and the whole to conclude at three in the afternoon. After some time, however, these regulations fell into partial, and finally into total disuse.
Fairi. The fairs are held on the Monday before Whitsunday,
and on the 21st of October, principally for homed cattle, woollen cloth^ and toys, in a large open area, * between the bayle and the church, called the Oreen, which has, in all likelihood, been the ancient market- place.
Charitable Numeroas bequests have been made for the purpose of ameliorating the condition of the poor of Bridling- ton ; the most remarkable are those of William Hustler and William Bower.
Grammar William Hustler, in 1637, founded a Free-grammar
school
school, endowing it with £26. 13s. 4df. per annum for Hie salary of a master, and £13. 6s. 8d, for that of an usher, the inhabitants fitting up the court-house as a
* About sixty years ago, when wheel-carriages were only used for the necessary transportations on the farms, com was sold in saelcs brought on the backs of horses, eight or ten of which, fastened to each other, were attended by o-ie man ; a mode of delivery that created an appearance of business now only a snbjeot of reooliection or imagination.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. B9
school-room The offices of master and usher were chap.
XII.
HDited by a decree in chancery in 1819, having pre —
▼icHisly beconM sinecure ( tir^ty boys, sons of pa- rishioners, are now instructed on this foundation.
William Bower^ in his life-time, founded a school- house, and at his death endowed it with a third part of the rental of certain lands at Birdsall ; but according to the inscription on his tombstone in the diancel of Bridlington church, with £20 per annum, for ever, '' for maintaining and edvcating of the poore children <^ Bridlington and Key in the art of carding, kniting and sfwing of woolL'' The education is at present confined to knitting, in which twelve children of poor parents receive gratuitous instruction.
The National school, established in 1818, on the National Madras system, contains from one hundred to one hun* dred and thirty boys ; there is a similar institution for girls.
There is scarcely any manufactory at Bridlington which may not be found in most places of similar extent Malt and ale were formerly considered staple commo- dities, and large quantities of each were annually shipped to London; in 1761 the number of malt-kilns amounted to upwards of sixty, nearly all in full exer* dse : this trade, has, however, greatly declined : and most of the kilns have either been taken down or 24>plied to other purposes.
One of the most eminent natives of this town was y^m. Kent. Uniliam K«]t, who was bom at Bridlington in 1685,"!^ and was afterward placed an apprentice to a coach- painter at Hull ; he soon found his genius superior to^
• The fkmily name, which he modernized to Kent, was originally Cant.
40 HISTORY OP
POOK IV. his professioiij the c<»iteq«eiice of which was, that he left his master without leave, and bent his steps to Xx>ndon, the focus of tal^t and enterprise.- After waoe time spent in sjtudying this higher branches of the art, he gave sufficient indications of ability to induce some of the gentlemen of his native county to raise a fund to enable him to prosecute his studies at Rome, to which place in went in 1710. In 1712 he obtained a prise for drawing, in the academy of St Luke> on which his holiness presented him with two silver medals: Kent was also the first Englishman who was admitted into the grand duke of Tuscany's academy of artists. On the exhaustion of his funds. Sir William Wentworth gave him an annual allowance of £40 for seven years, to continue at Rome. Fortunate as he was in having sucK friends, he was still more fortunate, in becoming acquainted, in that city, with the Maecenas of the age, Richard, earl of Burlington ; on their return to England, his lordship gave him an apartment in his own house, employed and recommended him, and proved his un- deviating friend through life. Kent now directed part of his attention to the sister art of architecture, wherein he was more successful than in painting, and in whidi his taste was universally and deservedly admired. His style predominated authoritatively during bis life, and so excellent was his taste in ornaments, that nothing was thought complete without having had bis assistance. With all these claims to attention, .there was yet another path in which Kent could attain celebrity, and in which he will descend to posterity with the greatest lustre — as the inventor of landscape gardening ; *' painter enough to taste the charms of landscape; bold and opinionative enough to dare and to dictate ; and born with a genius to strike out a system from the twilight
THE COUNTY OF YORK, 41
of imperfect essays." Pairooked by the queen^ chap. the duke of Grafton^ the duke of Newcastle^ and — ELl..
others^ be was appointed master carpenter^ architect, keeper of the pictures, and principal painter to die crown^ producing, together, about £600 a*year. In Bfarch, 1748, he had an inflammation in his boweb, wtnch turned to a general mortification, and ended his life at Burlington bouse; London, on the 12th of April following. He was interred in Lord Burlington's vanlt at Chiswick. His character has been thus emphatically summed by Walpole, in his Anecdotes of Paindng^ from which work the greater part of this notice has been taken :*-^' He was a painter, an architect, and the father of modem gardening.^In the first character he was below mediocrity ; in the second, he was a restorer of the science ; in the last, an original, and the inventor of an art that realizes painting and improves nature^ Mahomet imagined an Elysium, but Kent created many."
Nearly a mile from the town stands the Port or Quay, Quay. which within the last fifty years, has, from an inconside- rable village, become a populous town. The streets being rensarkably spacious, and the houses in general modem and neatly built, produce a striking contrast to the form of Bridlington quay, which has attained con* nderable celebrity as a watering and sea-bathing place, and the influx of visitants has occasionally been so great as to exceed the means of accommodation.
During that unhappy period in which the misguided and unfortunate Charles became embroiled with the parliament, a period which admitted of no neutrality, this town became of casual and temporary importance. Charles's first step, on proceeding to extremities, was
VOL. IV. G
42 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. to write individually to each captain in the fleet, com- manding him without delay and without regarding the orders of his superiors, to bring his vessel into the bay of Bridlington. This was about the month of June^ 164 L Unfortunately for the king, some misunderstand- ing arose respecting these despatches, and on the cap* tains being summoned by the earl of Warwick, the admiral, to attend him in a council of war, the project was entirely frustrated. From this time all hopes of accommodation were at an end, and that most terrible calamity, a civil war, with all its attendant horrors, became general throughout the realm. Charles's queen, Henrietta Maria, daughter of Henry IV. of France, in the spring of 1642, departed for Holland, where she used her utmost exertions in procuring arms and ammunition, and for that purpose pledged the crown jewels, which Charles had intrusted to her care. The queen having embarked at Schiuling, near the Hague, under convoy of seven Dutch men of war. Queen commanded by Van Tromp, arrived in Bridlington bay land" here. ^" ^® ^^ February, 1643 ; after remaining at anchor three days, the squadron entered the harbour. Admiral Batten, who, with a view to intercept her Majesty, had been for some time cruising in the north with four of the parliament ships, and was then at anchor off New- castle, immediately weighed on receiving intelligence of her arrival, but did not gain the bay until the night after the Dutch vessels had entered the port. Batten, chagrined at his disappointment, determined on harassing the royalists to the utmost of his power, and accordingly drew his vessels directly opposite to the quay, on which he commenced a heavy cannonade on the morning of the 24th, in hope of firing the ammiuiition vesseU
THE COUNTY OF YORK, 48
Some of the shots penetrated the house in which the CHAP.
qaeen reposed^ and compelled her, with the duchess of '—
Richmond and the other ladies in her retinue^ at a very unseasonable hour, to seek for safety beneath the pre- cipitous banks of the stream which empties itself into die harbour.^
* An Interesting detail of the whole et ent has been transmitted to posterity by her mi^esty, in the folloiring letter to the king : —
** Burlington, S6th Feb. 1648. ** My dear heart,
«* As soon as I landed, I dispatched Progers to yon ; bat having learnt to-day that he was taken by the enemy, I send this bearer to give you an acconnt of my arriTal, which has been Tery successftil, thank Ood ; for as rough as the sea was when I first crossed it, it was now as calm, till I came within a few leagues of Newcastle ; and on the coast the wind changed to N. W, and obliged «s to make for Burlington bay, where, after two days lying in the road, our cavalry arriTed. I immediately landed, and the next morning the rest of the troops came in. God who protected me at sea, has also done it at land ; for this night four of the parliament ships came in without our knowledge, and at four o'clock in the morning we had the nlanuy and sent to the harbour to secure our boats of ammunition ; but about an hour after, these four ships began so furious a cannonading, that they made ns get out of our beds, and quit the village to them ; at least us women, for the soldiers behaved very resolutely In protecting the ammanltion. I must now play the Captain Bessns, and speak a little of myself. One of these ships did me the favour to flank my house, which fronted the Pier, and before I was out of bed the balls whistled over me, and you may imagine I did not like the mnsic. Bvery body forced me out, the balls beating down our houses ; so, dressed as I could, I went on foot some distance from tho village, and got shelter in a ditch, like those we have seen about Newmarket ; hat before I could reach it, the balls sung merrily over our heads, and a sergeant was killed twenty paces from me. Under this shelter we remained two hours, the bullets flying over ns, and sometimes covering us with earth. At last the Dutch admiral sent to tell them, that, if they did not give over, he would treat them as enemies. This was rather of the latest, but he excused himself on account of a fog. Upon this the parliament ships went off; and besides, the tide ebbed, and they would have been in shoal water. As soon as they were
44 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. To prevent a repetition of dtnger and of insult, lieutenant-general King raiaed a battery on each side of the porti happily , however, there occurred no oppor- tunity of proving &e utility of tiie works. The queen^ innnediately on her arrival^ was waited on by the mar- quis of Montrose and Lord Ogilby with two troops of horse. Sir Marmaduke Langdale, Sir John Ramsden, and others of the king's friends. After remaining at Bridlington nearly a fortnight, her majesty departed for York. Chaly- A chalybeate spring issues in a smaU and pleasant
spring. garden, near the subscription-mills, at about five minutes' walk from the quay. Nicholson, in his Dic- tionary of Chemistry, remarks that this *' is a brisk water, and resembles those of Scarborough and Chel- tenham, though it seems to be less purgative.** Nume- rous springs of this nature are tojbe found oozing from the clifis on each side of the quay. These and other springs considerably accelerate the destruction of the clifis, which, being lofty and composed principally of loam and clay, frequently tumble in immense masses : so great has been the quantity of ground thus lost, that a row of houses on the verge of the cliff was taken down
withdrawn, I retunied to my house, not being willing that they should boaft of ha? lag driven me away. Abovt noon I set out fbr the town of Burliagton, and all this day we have lieen landing our ammnnition. It is said, one of the parliament captains went befSore, to reeonnoitre my lodging; and I assure yoo he had marked It exactly, for he always fired at it. I ean say, with tnith, that by land and sea, I have been in some danger, bat God has preserred me s and I eonftde in his goodness, that he will not desert me in other thtiigs* I protest to you, in this confidence I would fkce camion, but I know we most not tempt God. I mast now go and eat a morsel ; for I have taken nothing to-day but three eggs, and slept very little.^ «*^ Hari.MSS. 7S70.
THfi COUNTY OF YORK. 4$
n 1819; wid aeventl of the man aged inhabitants oan '^^AP.
recollect the existence of a street^ with a carriage*-roifl behind, yet farther to the south.
Three merchant- vessels having * been captured at a Batteries, short distance in the bay by a hostile privateer, in 1779, seven pieces of cannon, long twelve-pounders, were added to a magazine adjoining the town, on the north-east, which had stood from a period beyond the reach of memory. About the year 1794, a vallum waft dirown up, and the place defended by a moat and a draw-bridge. A battery of two eighteen-pounders'was also raised in the lordship of H^derthorpe, a little to ihe south-west of the quay ; thus securing the entrance of the harbour by a cross-fire at right-angles. The Hilderthorpe battery was destroyed by the falling of the cliflT, about 1805: but the other survived until 1913, when, in consequence of the breast-work facing the sea having, as it is emphatically termed, ^* gone over the cliff,'* the guns and stores were removed to the garrisoti at HulL The embankments were levelled and the greater part of the magazine taken down, a few yeai^ afterward.
The Wesleyan Methodists have a spacious chapel at ClicpeU. the quay ; and a new building, called the Union chapel, is alternately nsed for the religious services of the Inde- pendents and the Baptists.
As a commercial port, Bridlington holds an inferio)^ Port, rank. The exports principally consist of com and other agricultural produce, to London; and of horses and homed cattle to Oermany and Russia. Th6 imports, of coal from Sunderland and Newcastle ; timber from America and the Baltic ; and general merchandise from London and Hull.
The following is an account of tlie number of ships.
46 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. with dieir tonnage, which have entered the port of Bridlington in the following years : — *
|
1832 .. |
BKITUa. SUpi. |
Tons. 882 .. |
rOBSieir. Sbipi. Toni. |
|
1823 .. |
.. 8 .... |
738 .. |
.. 1.... 60 |
|
1824 . . |
.. 11 .... |
1068 .. |
. . 7 .... 496 |
Harbosr. The earliest mention of the harbour occurs in a mandate of King Stephen to the earl of York^ com- manding him to " permit the prior of Bridlington to have and to hold well and in peace the harbour of Bridlington as Walter de Gant and Gilbert, his ances- tor, held the same." The piers were anciently kept in repair by the owners of the manor ; but so limited was thdb- extent, and so trivial the burden of keeping them in repair, that James I., in conferring the manor on Sir John Ramsey, professed it to be in reward of his ser- vices. A tremendous storm, in November, 1696, so seriously injured these piers, that the inhabitants, in order to have them rebuilt, became necessitated to apply to parliament for assistance. In compliance, an act was passed, in 1697, imposing certain duties on the imports and exports of the place, and on all vessels taking coals from the northern ports of England, toge- ther with an assessment on certain lands in the lordship of Bridlington, for the term of seven years, for main- taining and upholding the said piers. The funds having proved insufficient for the intended purpose, a second act was passed, in 1716, to continue fourteen years. But so much was the coasting trade, and the size of the
* An Aeconnt of the Namber of Ships, ^tli their Toiin»ge and Men, which haTe entered the ports of the United Kingdom, daring the years 189S, 18SS,and 18S4<, ordered, by the Honse of Commons, to be printed, the 1 Ith of May, 1886.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 47
veneb employed, on the increase, that a neceaaity chap*
areae for proportionally increasing the means of ao-
commodation ; to efiect which another act was passed, in 1719, augmenting the former duties, and extending them to Ifae year 1755. In that period the north pier was considerably extended, and the greater part of the south pier built on a new foundation. In 1755 another act was obtained, for the duties and assessments to have contbuance until the year 1791, when they were reviyed by a new act, and continued for twenty-five years longen Under this act a length of sixty feet of stone-work was added to the north pier, and two hundred and forty feet of the wooden-work, on the outer side, cased with stone, forming a parapet two feet in height, and attach- ing a cheering idea of security to the platform, which is a delightful and much-frequented parade. On the expiration of the last act, application was again made to the legislature for assistance ; and an act, further increasing the duties and assessments, was passed in 1816, to continue for twenty-one years. The oom« Hiissioners therein appointed were empowered to rebuild the piers with stone, either on the present or on any other foundations ; and accordingly the first stone of a north pier, on a new foundation, was laid in the summer of 1818, on a plan by Mr. Goodrick, but the work has hitherto made little progress. The present pier extends a considerable way into the sea, and furnishes an agree- able promenade, commanding a delightful view of Flamborough head and the bay, generally enlivened with coasting vessels. The harbour is dry at low water, and has a spring-tide flow of about eighteen feet, at the entrance, which gradually diminishes in proceeding upward. The situation, according to the report of Mr.
48 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. Reimie^ by whom it was surveyed in 1812^ is the best wMcb could have been selected on this part of the coast*
Spring. The most striking pecuKarity in ibis harbour is an
ebbing and flowing spring, discovered in July, 181 1, by die late Benjamin Mflne, Esq.»t at die depth of forty* Arae feet^ of which twenty-e^t feet were solid clay, and the last fifteen feet a cretaceous flinty graveL The water begins to flow so soon as die level of die tide has arrived at about four feet beneath that of the bore, and continues the discharge until the tide has receded to its former level ; and this with the most unremitting regu- larity. A constant supply is obtained by means of a pump affixed to a reservoir capable of containing about one thousand two hundred gallons. The quality of the water renders the discovery of incalculable benefit, making as near an approach to purity as is perhaps possible for water to obtain without being submitted to distillation. Mr. Hume, of Long- acre, London, by by #hom this water has been accurately analysed, ob- serves that its specific gravity is one thousand and one, distilled water being considered as one thousand; and Ihat one gallon contains the following substance, vis. :
* Tfaompsoii, IM^.
t To the scienUfie senins and onwearied persoTeranee of this gentleman is Bridlington indebted for many of its most beneficial establishments. The daily post, the baths, the spring in question, and the light^honse at Flamboroogh, owe their origin to his aetiirity sad benerolence. Mr. Bftiliie was bom at a Tillage in thfrneighboiwv- hood of Halifax, Oet. 16, 1761, and appointed collector of the customs at this port in 1791, where his talents and urbanity procured him much esteem. He died on the 92d of Feb. 1819, and was interred fn the north aisle of Bridlington ehnrcfa.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 4§
Qnim. CHAP
Carbonate of lime 9-620 ^''
Muriate of lime 9*760
Silex, and a small portion of oxide of iron 0*120
13-490
In die parish of Bridlington are several considerable townships.
Buaitmi has a population of one hundred and fiiHy- Boekton. seren persons, and the small hamlet of JEbston has only Euton. teenty-one persons.
QrmdaU is a chapelry of considerable antiquitf, GrindaU. with a population of ohe hundred and sefen persomi. Thd chapel is a low* mean building, with an open bett- trnvet at tl|e west end. The interior has nothing worthy notice, except a plain cylindrical font
The village is small, and contains a neat chapel for &e Wesfeyan MeOiodista. Lord of the manor, J. Jordan, ESpq.
The township o( Hikkrtkarpe, inohiding Wikihorp^, mider- has a p<4>alation of fifly-one peraonai WihT'
The most con^derahle township in this parish is ^l^^rpe. Seumrhp and Mariam, the population amountiBg to Sewwbyft three hundred and seventeen persona. . ™''^''*
Sewerby hall, the seat of J. Greame, Esq., is a neat mansioD, oommanding some good views of the coast,
Marlon hall is the seat of the Mibses Creyke. Hie grounds ate laid out with considerable taste.
The inconsiderable hamlet of J^eslon has a population 9psston. of one hundred and sixteen persons. The chapel is vwry.neat, with a smaB tower at the west end. The
* So ezceedlosly low, thtt a person on the oatilde esn rest his ana on the roof I
VOL. IV. H
fiO HISTORV OF
ooo^ IV' arch between the nave and chancel is circukr^ and the foundation is evidently of Norman architecture. South of the chapel are the remains of a large building and a moat An extensive and beautiful view of. the coast from Scarborough to Flambproi^h-head^ induding the wolds, is to be obtained from Standard-hill, near the "Village, on which is an ancient beacon.
Argam. Aroam, or Eroham, is a.smallfarm, extra parochial,
Aslant from Hunmanby four miles, with a population of thirty-five persons. It is a rectory, xralued in the Liber regis at £2. 13«. 4d. : patron, Charles Grimstone, Esq. This place was one of the chapels, to Hunmanby, and wa^ given to the abbey of Bardensey. * It continued a.recto^yi though it was endowed as a vicarage* The churoh Mid living are now gone, no institution having taken place since 1605. The tenant- of the fima pays tithe for £4 pertanmim.^
BemptoD, . The parish 'town of BaMPTON is small* and situated on the high road from Bridlington to Hunmanby*. It ia cliatant from :the former town three miles. Popula- tion two hundred and tbirty^xie persons.-
cimk-eh. Thecl|urch« a donative* is a perpetual curacy, dedi-
.. . eated.to St Michael, and valued in the parliamentary returns at £46. The patronage is in the gift of H. Broadley E.sq., lord of the manor. It is a small edifice, consisting of a nave, aisles, and chaneel, with a sasall but neat tower at the west end. The church was erected at different periods; the chancel was entirely rebuilt at the expense of the patrcm, in the latter part of the year 1829. . The interior is plain; the aisles are divided from the nave by four circular arches resting on circular columns. At the west end is a gallery.
* Lfingdale's Topog. Diet.
THE COUNTY OF YORK, 61
The village is very neat, being situated in a hollow^ ^SA*^*
with a Wesley an chapel^ erected about three years ago**
BfissiNGBT is a small parish :town/ near the road Bessingby. leading from Bridlington to Driffield. It is one' mile and a half distant from the former town, and has a popidation of eighty-three persons.
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St' church. Magnus, an^ valued in the parliamentary return at £33 r patron, H. Hudson, Esq. It is a S9iall edifice without aisles or- tower, and was rebuilt itfl766» The interior is plain: on the south ^side of the chancel is a beautiful marble tablet, with a basso relievo of a female expiring m the* arms of her * attendants, to the right hon. Lady ▲nne Hudson, wife of H« Hudson^ Esq. died April 2, 1818, aged forty-two; and another tablet to the above gentleman^ who died Nov. 29,'183& At the west end of the church is a circular font of <$on0iderable antiquity.
Bessingby hall, the seat of H» Hudson, Esq., is a neat edifice, with well*arranged grounds.
The village is small and mean, and; except the above olgects, contains, nothing worthy notice. '
The parish town of Botnton is situated in a valley, Boynton. about three miles from Bridlington. The population, in. 1821, amounted to one hundred and twenty*three persons. .
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St Church. Andrew, and valued in the Liber regis at £7. 14s. 2d., in the parliamentary return at £140. The patronage is. in Sir WilKam Strickland, Bart It consists of a nave and chancel, with a handsome tower at the west end, embattled with pinnacles. The body of the church is of brick, with stone quoins and dressings, erected appa- isntly in the latter part of the eighteenth century. The Dterior is very neat : a portion of the centre of the church M supported by four semi-gothic colunms, and the
S2 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. Cancel h separated from flie nave by iron railings. In this part of the church are several monnments to the family of Strickland; on each ride of the east win- dow is one of marble^ with a pediment broken to admit a riiield of arms ; «t the sides are cupids. Sec* One of the monuments is to Sir Wiffiam Strickland, Bart, who died Sept 12, 1675 ; the other is to Elixabetfa Strickland, died Jan. 2, 1674. On the soufii side of the chancel is a neat marble tablet to Sir GhK>rg^ Strickland, Bart., died Jan. 13, 1808, and E&abetfa Lsetitia, his wife, who died Jan. 13, 1813. In the east window are two shields of arms in stained glass, of a late baronet and his ^e, 1768. The font, which is circular, is in the centre of flie church, and at the west end is a gallery.
The parsonage house is a neat edifice adjoining the church on the north side.
Hall. Boynton hall, the seat of Sir W. Strickland, Bart
is a large mansion of red brick, situated in a pleasant park. The interior is very elegantly fitted up, and contains a small collection of marble statues, formed by ih^ late Sir George Strickland, 6art Among these statues are a Juno, four feet ten inches in height, carrying a fawn under her left arm, which is encircled' in a wreath of fritit'^nd flowers: it is in good preserva- tion, and the drapery is excellent ;t and a head of M: Junius Brutus, of the sice of life, and of perfect and
* These monumentB haTe the most ludlcroas appearance,, from their being extraTagantly giU, and painted or danbed with Termilion, asvre blue, Ac. laid on witli tlie vtMSt profhaloD, and wUlioat the least taste or Jadgment.
t This statae was found in 1777 at the Torre tre teste, foar milei from Rome, on the Prenestian way, laid on a tesielated paToment, probabty the temple to "which it belonged. ' ^
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 53
excellent acnlptare. Here also in preterred^ flii» thigh ^^A^* bone of Ae famous outlaw^ liltle John, measuring '
ddrty-eight iDcbea, taken out of his graye at Hathersage, in Derbyshire, about f fty years ago.*
In the frmily of Strickland there have been several fifsons of considerable euinenoe; and Although the ancioBt fiimfly seat appean to haye been at 8tit6kland haD, Westmoreland, tiiey haye now resided at Bbynton ftr npvmrds of wo hundred years. The first baronet was Sir William Strickland, July 30, 1641, the son and heir of Walter Strickland, Esq. of Boyhton. The second baronet. Sir Homas Strickland^ was a person of considerable note during the period of the common- wealth. His son and successor, the third barondt, died in 1724. The fourth baronet, Sirllf^Uiam, was elected member in the first parliament of George I. for the dty of Carlisle ; he died at Boynton in 1735, and was succeeded by his son. Sir George Strickland, the fifth baronet, who was high sheriff for the county iii 1768, and died in 1808. He was succeeded by his son, the present Sir William Strickland, the sixth baionet.t
The park and gardens are pleasantly laid out, ahd an an eleyated ridge, to the eonth of the hall, is a lofty pavilion, -erected by the late Sir Geo^e Strickland; Bart The upper room of this bnitding, vt^hich is su|>^ ported by a circular colonnade, and ascended by steps/ commands a yery extensiye prospect, both by sea Hild land, particulariy of Bridlington bay, and- th« levels at the southern foot of the wolds, as well as of the northern edge of Holdemess^
• N6s1e*8 Seats, Art. Cannon kail. * t Bethun*! Baronetsfe.
54
HISTORY OF
BsrUm
Agnef,
ehvch.
BOOK IV. The picturesque and aocient town of Bubton Aoms^ is situated on the hi^ road from Driffield, to Bridling* ion, being six miles from the latter place. The popu- lation of the town amounts to three . hundred and twenty-one persons.*
The church is a vicarage dedicated to St Martin, and is valued in the king's books at £20. 6#.3dL: patron, the Rev. — Mills. It is a handsome edifice, cootaining a nave and aisles, chancd, and chapel at- tached to the north aisle, with a well-proportioned tower at the west end. The latter is embattled with modem pinnacles. The rest of the church is modem, with the exception of the nave, which is a|^arently of the fourteenth c^itury. The clerestory of the aisles is embattled, and has four square-headed windows. The interior is el^antly fitted up ; the nave is divided from the aisles by three pointed arches resting on octagonal and circular columns. At the west end ia a handsome gallery, supported on four Ionic pillars, and beneath it is an octagonal font The pulpit and reading-desk are grouped in the centre aisle, the sounding-board is sup- ported by two Ionic columns, and the whole is very handsome. '
One division of the north aisle is parted off as a chapel, and contains four monuments. The most ancient is on the north side ; it is a table tomb with clumsy quatrefoils on the dado; above is a modern inscription to Sir Roger Somervile, summoned to par- Jiament as a baron of the realm in the 1st of Edward I. died Febraary, 1336. On his decease he was suc- ceeded by Sir Philip Somervile, his brother and heir,
Monu< ments,
• The entire parish has a population of sis hundred and nine persons.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. U
who died Jan. 28; 13g4> t)Oiaeiwd of tius and several' chap.
oilier manors. He was moceeded by bit daughter and ^
grandaughter, vis. Joan^ wife of Sir Rees ap Griffith^ who died Oct 8, 1377, at Stockton, in Warwickshire^ and Maude, daughter of John Stafford, by Eliaabeth^ second daughter of the said Sir Philip Somervile.
The next monument in order pf time is a very elegant altar tomb of alabaster; the dado baa seven hig^y finished niches with fiill-length figures, of female saints on one side, and male on .the other, all having their proper attributes. At each «nd are angels holding shields of arms. On the table are the. fiill-Iength efligies of a knight, in full armour and a lady,, both having oolkrs of SS. The knight!s feet rest on a dragon, those of his lady on a small dog. There is a modern inscription to Sir Walter Griffith, Knight, who died Aug. 9, 1481, and Jane, his first wife,' daughter of Sir Ralph Neville, by Maiy, granddaughter of John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster.
At the head of the last-mentioned monbrnent is a neat tablet to Sir Heni7 Griffith, Knight and Bairt and Bhsabeth his wife^ daughter of Thomas Throckmorton, of Coi^htbn, in Warwickshire.
On the south side of the chapel is a large altar monument, with two pillars of black marble supporting an entablature with shields of arms, &c. On tiie tomb are three coffins of black marble, and behind them an mscription to Sir Henry Griffith, Bart and bis two wives.
In the window is some excellent modem stained glass, evidently copied from sotiae illuminated MSS. In the upper part is Sir Roger de Somervile and Maude his wife, kneeling ; arid beneath them are two shields of arms'; under one is inscribed '' Sir Rees ap. Thomas,
M HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. son of Thomas ap OrifBtfi, knij^t of tbe garter^ married Katlierine^ daughtei^ oi Thomas Howard, dtdie of Nor- fidk;** mder the oOer shield is <' Sir Waiter Orifith, blight of the baih, married Jane^ daughter of Sir Johtt Ferrers, of Tamworth, and died Oct 30, 1531."
In the ehanoel {s a handsome tablet to Sir GriflMi Boyn^, Ban., who died Oct. 18, 1761, aged iifty-one, a(nd a female weeping over a child, to Sir Griffith Boynton, Bart, died Jan. 6, 1778. The chapel on the lK>rth side of the dmrch is used as a parochial school, tvfaich is slightly endowed. ' The vicarage is a neat mansion near the cbarch.
Hall. Burton Agnes hall, the seat* of Sir Francis Boynton,
Batl ik a noUe mansion of red brid^, situated on an eminence, and commanding a fine view of Holdemess and the lefol country south of the wolds. The south andf principal front is a fine specimen of tbe style of architecture prevalent in the reigns of Elisabeth and James I., to which period the erection of this hail may be ascribed. It is in three divisions, the lateral ones projecting with bow windows, the munnions being of stone. The ornaments are shields of arms, termini, and arabesque, lavishly used; and die entire building has a heavy yet noble appearance. The interior is fitted up with considerable elegance, and in tbe gallery are several fine paintings. In the court before the house is' a statue of the gladiator, and Ihe gatehouse consists of an embattled edifice with octagonal towers, finished with lead domes at the angles. The centre has an arched entrance, and above it are the royal arms of James I. This mansion is said to have been erected fiK>m a design by Inigo Jones.
llie &mily of the Boyntons is of considerable an- tiquity : Bartholomew de Boynton, the first mentioned in
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 67
the pedigree, died seized of (he mandr of Boyiitbn, c Fi a p. froin whence the family were denominated ; he lited in ■
1067. lliey appear to bare come into poss^ssiteof the manor of Barmston', their indent seat in thb riding, by the marriage of Beinry Boynton, Esq. in the -time of Htenry VII. The first batowet was Sir IffafdiewBoynton, created in May, 1618. He served* in parfiabient for the borough of Hedon, in the reign of Cfaarlc^ I;, 'and married FVances, tfie daughter of Sir Henry Griffith^ of this town, Knight-and Bart By that muriage'the manor and estates of Burton Agnes came into the Boynton family. The pre&ent Sir Francis Boyoton, Bart succeeded to the title in 1801, and is the «ixth baronet . •
The village is small, but pleasant; and from the hall being situated on a knoll or eminence, has in many places a' picturesque appearance. There is an hos^ Alms- pital or alms-house for four poor widows^ founded by the widow of the late W. Boynton, Esq. artd endowed with £20- 10*. per annum, and a quarter of a chaldron of coals. Here was bom the Rev. W. Dade, F. A. S. Rex. W. rector of Barmston, ibont the year 1740, where his father was then vicar. He had made a large and valuable collection of materials for the history and antiquities of Holdemess, proposals for publishing which he had printed in 1783. Ill health, and a Variety of perplexing engagements, delayed the progress of the work ; and he died at Barmston, after a short ilLiess, Aug. 2, 1790.*
There are several extensive townships in this parislu Onuismoor Gransmoor has a population of eighty-five persons, JjJ^ Haisthorpe a population of one hundred and nine, and Thorn- Thomholm ninety-four persons. ^***"-
• Nichols* Literary Aoec
VOL. XV. I
68 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. The pleasant and ancient chapelry of Harpkam is situated in this' parish, and has a population of two hundred and fifty-one persons.
The chapel of ease to Burton Agnes is of considerable antiquity ; it is a neat edifice, consisting of a nave, chancel, and north chapel, with a tower at the west end. The entire edifice appears to have been erected in the latter part of the fifteenth century. The interior is very neat ; the pulpit is of oak, carved in a handsome style, and at the west end of the church is a gallery. Beneath this is a curious font of wood. Over the chancel-door is the following inscription :
This chancel, tlie property and ancient barial-plaee of the St. Qnintin funily, was rebailt Oct. 15, 1887, by order of William St, Qnintin, Esq. lord of the manors of Harpham and Lowthorpe.
St. Qttintin In the windows of the chapel are the armorial bear- *^"P**' \ ings of the honourable family of St Quintin, from 1080 to 1770, in stained glass, executed by Mr. Peckett, of York.* Under each shield are inscriptions as follow :
1. Sir Herbert St. Quintin, Knight of SIcipsea tnd Harpham, died
1080. 9. OliTer St. Quintin, armig. son of Herbert St. Quintin, Knight,
died nil. 8. Sir Herbert St. Quintin, Knight, son of Oliver St. Quintin, armig.
med lieo. ' 4. Amatellus St. Quintin, armig. son of Sir Herbert St. Quintin,
Knight, died 1180. ft. Sir Herbert St. Qnintin, Knight, son of Amatellus St. Quintin^
armig. died 1220. e. Sir Alexander St. Quintin, Knight, son of Sir Herbert St. Quintin,
Knight, died 1280. » 7. Sir WiUiam St. Quintin, Knight, son of Sir Alexander St. Qnintin^
Knight, died 1280. 8, Sir William St. Quintin, Knight, son of Sir Wjlliam St. Qnintin,
Knight, died 1270.
• At the expense of the last baronet, who died in 1707.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 59
0. Bbr Oalflred St. QnlntlD, Knight, mm of Sir William St. Quintin, G H A 1>.
KDight, died^lSOO. ^''
10. Sir Galfred St. Qointin, Knight, son of Sir Galfred St. Qnintin,
Knight, died ISM. lU Sir William St. Qnintin, Knight, died 186t. 12, Sir Thomas St. Qnintin, son of Galfred St. Qnintin, Knight, died
1870. IS. Thomas St. Quintin, armig. son of Sir Thomas St. Qaintio, died
1800.
14. Anthony St. Qnintin, son of Thomas St. Qnintin, died 1419.
15. Sir William St. Qnintin, Knight, son of Anthony St. Qnintla,
died 14S2.
16. Sir John St. Qnintin, Knight, son of Sir William St. Quintin,
died 148S.
17. John St. Qnintin, armig. son of Sir John St. Quintin, Knight,
died 1488. la John St. Qnintin, armig. son of John St. Qnintin, armig. died
1465. 10. Sir William St. Quintin, Knight, son of John St. Qnintin, armig.
died 1600. 90. Gahrael St. Quintin, Esq. son of Sir William St. Qnintin^ Knight,
died 16fi6.
21. George St. Qnintin, Esq. son of Gabrael St. Qnintin, Esq. died
1684.
22. Sir William St. Qnintin, Bart, son of George St. Qnintin, Esq.
diedl64B. 22. Sir Harry St« Qnintin, Bart, son of William St. Qnintin, Bart.
died 1666. 24. \nUiam St. Quintin, Esq. son of Sir Harry St. Qnintin, fiart.
died 1666. .26. Sir William St. Qnintin, Bart, died June 18, 1718.
26. Sir William St. Quintin, Bart, of Harpham.
27. Hugh St. Quintin, Esq. son of Sir William St. Quintin, Bart.
died 1726.
28. Sir William St. Qnintin, Bart, son of Hugh St. Quintin, Esq.
died 1770.
There are two shields without armorial bearings or inscriptions.
There are several monuments to the St Quintin family in this chapel. On the floor is the engraved effigy, on brass, of Thomas St Quintin, armig. lord of
HISTORY OF
BOOK iv> H«rphain, aiid a stoHe coffivi. There are two iedtar monuments : one has the full-length effigy of a lady^ her feet resting on a lion; the othjer^ the engraved effigies of a knight/«ndlady of .the above house. In the centre of the olianc^I^ on the floor, are the full-length effigies^ engraved on brass^ of Thomas St Quintin, Knight^ who died 1399, and Agnes his wife. Over the altar is a handsome monument, by Wilton, to Charlotte St Quintin, wife of Sir William St Quintin^ died April 17, 1762. All the monuments are in good preservation, and particularly clean.
On the south side of the nave are two neat windows : one contains the armorial bearings of the Rev. W. Cayley, M. A. Vicar, 1771, and the other those of the aibove-mentioned Charlotte St Quintin.
This village is said to have given birth to the oele* brated St. John of Beverley, and a well of excellent water near the east end of this village is called St John's well
Burton FLsinNe,.or North Burton, is a small parish town three miles from Hunmanby, with a popu- lation of three hundred and eighty-six persons.
The church is a perpetual curacy, valued in the parliamentary return at £70. 18*.:* patron, H. B. Osbaldestoir^' Esq. It is a neat building, comprising a nave, chancel, and low tower at the west end. There was formerly an aisle on the south side. The interior is neat; the roof is of timber, and has a date-*1576. The pulpit is situated in the centre of the church, with a passage beneath; it was erected in 1825. At the west end is a large gallery, and beneath it a circular font
Barton FlemlBg,
Church.
• In the Liber regis it is styled a dlsebarged vicarage, and valued at 4f 10. Of. Bd.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. M
Tlw Tillage la vefy netA, nfth a wmill.WmUfwm ch-ap. chapel, erected » 180& The lord of die mkidr k W. ™'
Strickland, Eaq. . Here k a good parochial edodLi
Cabnaby is a sniaM psr^H town on the road firdfo Canaby. Bridliiigton ta Pnffield, bei^g two mites add a half distant from the former town* The popolatiob aiuouBta to one hundred and diirty soulk
The chiirch, a small m&m afroctnre, is a ficasage, Chareh* dedH3ated to. St John die Baptist,' and Talued' in fli^ Liber regis at £7. Ss, lUd. in the parliammtery fetmrn at £40 : patron. Sir William Strickland, Bart It is a mall edifice, comprising a nave and north aisle, ehaacel^ and a neat embattled tower nt die west end. The naye has windows of two pointed lights withoot tracery^ and the chancel is of brick, probaUy erected at the commencement of the present century. The interior is plain; die aisle is separated from the nave by 'Are pcnnted ardies resting on octagond columns. At die west end is a circular font
There is a national school fqr abbvrt Ihiriy-ftve fapys. The lord ef die manor is Sir W. Strickland, Bttrt '
The towndiip of Fraisikorpe with AuhutT^ hs^ a pral*- pepnlation of ninety-one persons. The cWafpei at the ^^^^ former place is a perpetual curacy, valued ih' the Chapei. pariiamentary return at £27. : patron, W. Strickland, Esq. It is a small structure, possessing nothing par- ticularly worthy notice.
The parish town of Flamborougb is situated about Flambo- three miles and a half from Bridlington, with a popu- ktion of nine hundred and seventeen persons.
The church k a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St Cbnreh. Oswald, and is valued in the parliamentary return' ^t £85. The patronage k the property of W, Strickland, Esq. It is a low but large edifice^ eomprismg a nave
tt HISTORY OF
BCMMLiv^ and mitt, diaaoel and aides, and amall timet on (lie ridge of the roof at die west end. At this end of the church there was formerly a tower. The south aisle is of brick, and the north displays several windows of two lights* The interior is plainly fitted up. The nave is divided from the aisles by four pointed arches resting on^ octagonal columns. Between the nave and chancdl is a screen of carved oak, having fourteen niches, riddy painted and gilt The finish of this beautifrd fa9ade is quatrefotls, grapes^ and vine leaves. The lower moulding has a running rose-tree. The whole of the above-men- tioned work is suppol'ted on a pierced screen of elabo- rate work, in the form of pointed windows. - At the west end is a gallery, and beneath it is an ancient circular font The chancel is divided from the aisles by three pointed arches resting on octagonal columns. The two easternmost of the north aisle are enclosed and used as a school-room ; that on the south side has a rich screm of carved oak. Over the communion table is a large oil painting of Christ expounding the law to the doctors in the temple ; under it is a brass plate inscribed : — '' This picture was presented by Robert Brovin, Esq. artist, A. D. 1829, as a memorial to his native place."
On the north side of the chancel is a brass tablet, on which is the following inscription :—
Here lleth Marmadttke Constable* of Flaynborght, knight, MTho made adaent6 Into France for the right of the same ;
Passed oaer with Kyng Edwarde the fourith, y* noble knight. And also with noble King Henr»4he seninth of that name.
• This warrior was bom in 144S ; he was at Flodden field, or BrankistOD hill, Sept. 9, 161S, and most Ukely died abovt ISao, haTiag UTed in six kings' reigns, vis. Henry VI. to Henry VIII. He lies burisd under a tomb-stone in the north aisle, now the school.
THE. COUNTY OF YORK. 63
He was also «t Berwik at the wlmiyng of the tane, CH AP.
And by Uf Edward ehos^ oapte^ there llrat of any one, ^'^'
And rewllid i gQnernid ther his tyme without blame,
Bat for all that, as ye se, he Ueth under this stone.
At Brankist5 feld, wher the king of Scottys* was slayne.
He then being of the age of thre score and tene. With the gode duke of Northefolket y» iomey be hay Uyn,
And eoragely aTaneid h^self eni6g other there ft then. The Ug beyng 1 fiance with gret nonbre of ynglesh mi.
He nothing hedyng his age ther but Jeopihy as ow, With his sonnes brothe sarientt and kynnismen,
But now, as ye se, he lyeth nfider this stcme.
Bat now all thes trynmphes as passed and set on syde.
For all worldly Joyes they will not long endure. They are soune passed and away dothe glyde.
And who that puttith his trust I the A call bf most Osnre. For when deth striketb he sparith no creature.
Nor geultb no wamyg but takith the by one ft one ; And now he abydyth godis mercy ft hath no other soenre.
For, as ye se hym, here he lieth Tnder this stone.
I pray yow my kynsmi, louers and friendis all.
To pray to oure lord Jhesu to haue marey of my sowlU
At the end of the south aisle is a tablet to Walter Strickland, Esq. who died Nov. 1^ 1671. He married Aim^ sole daughter and heiress of Sir Charles Morgan, Bart '' but had no issue by her, yet such was her lone to his worth, that she freely gaue two thousand pounds for his purchasing of the lordship of Flamborough."
The village consists of several straggling streets, with low houses, principally built of clay and cobble- stones. There are two chapels, both of considerable chapels, dim^isions ; one is for the Wesleyan, the other for the Primitive Methodists.
At the west end of the town is an ancient ruin called Dsaish
tower.
* James IV. king of Scotland.
t It ought to he the earl of Surrey.
hoofe.
64 • HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. the Danish towefj which is now almost wholly deoi^ ' lished; the only remains being a square fii^ wi^ )ft, .
vault, the ceiling of which is groined in one spai From the irregular mounds which appear around, thero • seem to have been many contiguous buildings; but neither, history nor tradition gives any account of die period of it6 erection.
Btymo- The name of this town and promontory is of uti-
^^^' certain derivation. Camden says, *' some think that it took its name from a watch^^tower, in which were lights for the direction of ships ; for the Britons still retain the provincial word .^'Flam," and the mariners paint this creek with a flaming head in their charts. Others are of opinion, that this name came into England, out of Angloen, in Denmark, the ancient seat of tlie Angli ; for there'is a town oaUed Flansburg, from which they think the English gave it that name."* That a light • was exhibited on this' promontory is highly probable ; and an old tower of an octagonal form and undoubted antiquity, still exists a short distance from the present Kght-hoUse. It is of considerable height, and is a , prominent sea-mark. Near it is the preventive statiim, a neat row of small houses.
Light- For many years the want of a light-house at Flam-
bor9ugh had been felt by the mariners who navigated thosd seas, and deplored by the merchants whose pro** ^erty was exposed to danger^ for want of so essential a monitoK The active mind, and the benevolent dispo- sition of the late Mr. Milne, the collector of the customs at Bridlington, induced him to propose the erection of a light-house on the head, and the proposal was cor- dially received by the incorporated company of the
* Camden*! Brit. 741.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 65
ddnr brethren of the Trinity house, Deptford Strond, chap.
London ; who obtain^ a patent from the crown, dated ^
April 3, 1806. The rite fixed upon was at the distance of nearly a mile and a half eastward of the town, about four hundred yards within the extreme point of tile promontory, close to the limding on the sonth side of Silex bay, and at an elevation of two hundred and fifty feet;* the erection was speedily effected, under the inspection of an able engineer, and on the 6th of De- cember, 1806, the revolving light which has ever since flamed by night from the head, burst forth for the first time. The utility of this erection cannot be more strikingly illustrated than by the following fact : — " From June, 1770, to the end of the year 1806, not fewer than one hundred and seventy^four ships were wrecked or lost on Flamborough head and its environs, but since the erection of the lights, to March, 1813, not one vessel had been lost on that station when the lights could be seen."-)- The building, which is of brick, is very ele- gant; the ascent to the lantern in the interior is by a circular staircase, which rises round the entire building. The light revolves by machinery, the weights and appa- ratus being suspended in the centre of the light-house. There are three faces of seven reflectors each ; and in order to distinguish it from the revolving lights of Tin- mouth and Cromer, which show a face every minute, this liglit on Flamborough head exhibits a face every two minutes, and one of them coloured red, whereby the light from that face being diminished, it will not in hasy weather, or at a great distance, be visible so far,
• Lat. 54» 7' north ; long. 0» 6^ W. from Greenwich. The new lisht-house if six or seven hundred yards to the eastward of the nilat of the old one.
t Coates'B DescriptiTe Poem on Bridlington Quay.
VOL. IV. K
66 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. or so strong as the other two faces ; and when io such cases only two faces are seen^ the interval of time between them is two minutes and four minutes alter- nately, which sufficiently distinguishes this light from any other in the kingdom. From this light on Flam- borough headj the lights at Cromer^ Spurn pointy and the Dudgeon^ bear by the compass, S. lOj^, E. dist. 29f leagues^ S. by W. 11 leagues, and about S. 13^ E. 21) respectively^ the variation being 25^ west of the true meridian.
In the lower part of the light-house is the vault for oil, which is fire-proof, and a neat house for the keeper of the light
The amount of tonnage tjiat passed Flamborough bead in 1828 was as follows :-—
British and Foreign Ships oversea... 704,988 Coasters 2,650,146*
The receipts and expenditure in supporting this light is shown in the annexed table, compiled from official documents.f
Expenditure in main- Tears. Gross Receipts. taioing the Light.
£. s. d. £. 9. d,
1822 4,268 8 1 617 9 3
1824 3,427 13 6 604 18 J 1
1827 3,480 3 3 751 10 0
Cliffs. The clifTs at Flamborough are of tremendous gran-
deur> and from a hundred to a hundred and fifty yards in perpendicular height. They are composed of a mouldering limestone rock, of a snowy whiteness, and
* British ships oversea pay a halfpenny per ton, foreign shipi oversea Id. per ton, and coasters a furthing per ton.
t Accounts and retams relating to light-houses, ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, May 14, 1829.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 67
periodically covered with an astonishing number of CHAP, birds, remarkable for the variety and brilliancy of their ' —
plumage. From the latter end of. April ,to the begin- ning of August^ myriads resort thither to build their nests on the projecting ledges of these rocks. Fitted by their constitutions for the coldest climates, the various species of gulls, the auk, the petrel, the grebe, and many other aquatic* birds migrating from the regions in which they have passed the autumn and the spring, make choice of the northern side of the pro- montory for this purpose. Here they enjoy a peaceful retreat, unless disturbed by the curiosity of man, or by that wanton cruelty, which prompts him to seek and destroy them, for the pleasure of destruction. At the breeding season, these enormous masses of rock seem perfectly alive, and present a most interesting scene of bustle and agitation. Some are engaged in brooding over their eggs with the most sedulous attention; others are sporting on the wing, hovering like clouds in the air, and wheeling in rapid circles. Detached groups are seen floating on the sea, gently gliding along its surface, or diving with celerity in search of food.
To those who delight in the wild, the grand, and the sublime, it afibrds a high gratification, to view from the sea in calm weather this immense region of birds, and the diversified scenes of this stupendous residence. At the report of a gun, the feathered inhabitants are in- stantly in motion. The eye is almost dazzled with the
* Though theM nambem of fowls, howeyer, are chiefly ef the aquatic kind, yet birds of different species are foond among them. The daw, the rook, the rock-pigeon, and sometimes the solitiiry rsTen, make no scrapie to fix for awhile their habitations in this hete- rogeneous assemblage, and peacefully breed by the side of neighbours, in nature most differing from themselves. --H<ft</erfr€ir« Scarborough^
p.a»7.
68 HISTORY OF
BOOK. IV. waving of innumeiable wings brightened by the hiys of the 8un, and the ear stunned with the clamour of a thousand discordant notes. The strange dissonance of tone resounding in the air from such a vast collection, accompanied by the solemn roar of the waves dashing against the rocks and reverberated by the caverns, form a concert altogether extraordinary, which affi^ts the mind with unusual sensations.
But this assemblage of turds is not the only curiosity here to be found. At the foot of the clifis are some extensive caverns, formed either by the restless turbu lence of the ocean, gradually excavating the solid rock, or by some unknown cause of distant origin. Three, in particular, exceed the others in extent and curiosity. Of these the principal is Robin Lyth's Hole, so de* nominated (according to the opinion of some) from a person who was driven into it by the fury of a tempest, and having strength to ascend one of the projecting ledges, continued there until the tide receded, and was thus providentially saved. Others say that it was the secret residence of a noted smuggler or pirate of that name, who concealed his prizes here, and issued, at seasonable opportunities, from his retreat
DoTe-oot. The Dove-Cot, thus called from its being the common breeding-place of rock-pigeons.
Kirk-hole. The Ejrk-Hole, said to extend from the north shore directly under the church, and hence its derivation ; but whether it has ever been explored thus far, or this is only an imaginary idea, cannot confidently be asserted.*
Robin Robin Lyth's Hole surpasses the rest in extent of
Lytho'i '^
bole.
• Mr. Blgland, who resided in this neighbourhood, could neTer meet with any authentic, or even plausible account, to induce him to believe that the Kirk-hole had ever been explored as far as Flam- borough church, which is at least three quarters of a mile distant.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 69
dimenrions. It has two openings, one communicating chap
with the land, and the other with the sea. The former —
is low and narrow, giving solenm admission into the caYem, which at the first entrance appears dismally gloomy; but the darkness gradually dispersing, dis- closes a floor of solid rock, formed into broad steps of an easy descent, and stones curiously variegated at the aides. The roof is finely arched, and nearly fifty feet high at the centre. The many projecting ledges and firagments of suspended rocks, joined to the great ele« ▼atioD, give it an awful appearance; and the mind, reflecting upon the superincumbent mass, with difficulty suppresses its alarm. The noble vista formed by its eastward opening toward the sea, appears in the highest grandeur on emerging from the gloom of the entrance ; and a singularly solemn efiect is produced in returning, as the steps resemble the ascent to an altar.
There are also many huge masses of white insulated rocks, of a pyramidical form, disjoined from the clifiit either by the action of the sea, or by some violent con- ciiasiou, which raise their broken and irregular heads to a considerable elevation.
The landing-place for the fishing-boats at Flam- borou^-head is both inconvenient and dangerous in tempestuous weather. In the year 1794 twenty of the fishermen perished in a storm at sea ; yet so powerful is the force of custom, that the survivors are as adven* tarous as ever upon the stormy element The number of fishermen belonging to Flamborough is about eighty.
The manor and estate of Flamborough belonged, in Edward the Confessor's time, to Harold, earl of the West Saxons, afterwards king of England, who lost his life at the battle of Hastings. It subsequently came
70 HISTORY OF
BOOK. IV. into the posaesaion of William le Gros, the founder of Scarborough castle.
Sir John Puckering^ Knight, the son of a gentleman of this place, who was bred to the common law, ac- quired such fame in his profession, that Queen Eliza- beth appointed him her sergeant He was afterwards chosen Speaker in the House of Commons, and at last made Lord Chancellor of England. He died in the year ld96, Camden (in yit& Eliz.) gives him the character of t^iV integer, a man of integrity. The present lord of the manor is Walter Strickland, Esq. DAoet- One of the most remarkable remains of former ages
^ ^* that is to be seen in this neighbourhood, is a ditch, or
ravine, of immense width and depth, nearly at the base of the triangle, which forms the promontory of Flam* borough head. This ditch, which is called " Danes- dyke,*' is apparently the eflect of art, and contains two - lines of defence, one above the other, with breast-works. It extends above a mile and a quarter from the south shore, where its bottom is on a level with the beach, and becomes gradually shallower, till it entirely dis* appears. It does not stretch in a direct line, but irregularly; and the projections greatly resemble the salient angles of a fortification. History affords no account of this stupendous work ; but tradition ascribes it with great probability to the Danes. These barba- rians might endeavour to insulates the promontory, and flius render it an impregnable post, as the situation was extremely advantageous for receiving supplies and rein- forcements from their own country. Notwithstanding, however, the tradition which ascribes it to the Danes, it might have been a work of the Saxons, as it afforded the same advantages to both nations in their invasions
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 71
Camden obsenres, the Saxon writers relate that Ida^ ^ yir.^'
who first subdued these parts^ landed at this promon-
toiy.* The fact, however, is doubtful, and the history of those times is enveloped in the deep gloom of ob- scurity. But whoever they were that began this extra- ordinary work, it had apparently been their design to insulate the promontory, for a place of retreat and de- fence, and its being left incomplete, was probably owing to the success of their arms, which rendered sueh a measure unnecessary.
The parish town of FoLXTOMf is situated in a valley Folkton. on the northern verge of the wolds. It is situated three miles from Hunmanby, and has a population of one hundred and forty-four persons.
The church is a rectory, dedicated to St John the Chvreh. Evangelist, and valued in the Liber regis at £15. Patron, H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq. It is a plain neat edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a low tower at the west end ; the latter with piers at the angles, the windows being simple loop-holes, and evidently of the architecture of the early part of the thirteenth cen- tury. The nave and chancel are of a later period, and display nothing . particularly worthy of notice. The interior is neat, with a gallery at the west end, beneath which is a circular font.
The lord of the manor is F. Tates, Esq.
The township of Flixton, in this parish, has a popu- Fliztoii. lation of two hundred and sitty-seven persons. In the reign of Athelstan, Achome, lord of this place, built an honpital for one aldertnan and fourteen brothers and sistera, at Flixton, for the preservation of people tra-
• Graideii't Brit. fol. 741. Oibfton's Edit.
t The entire parish contains foar handred and eleTsn inhabitants
72 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. veiling that way, that they might not be deroured by wolves, and other wild beasts, then abounding in this neighbourhood.
FostoB. FosTON-upoN-THE-WoLDS* is a Small parish town
six miles from Driffield, with a population of three hundred persons.
Church. The church is a vicarage, dedicated to St. Andrew,
valued in the Liber regis at £15. 8s, 6^<f., in the par- liamentary return at £36. The patronage is in W. Wright, Esq. It is a neat edifice, containing a nave and north aisle, ^ chancel, and a tower at the west etid. This church is in a dangerous state of repair ; the walls of the chancel are several inches out of the perpen- dicular, and the head of the pointed window at the east end, which is of four lights with perpendicular tracery, is divided in the head atleast eight inches, the interstice being filled with brick and mortar; There are immense brick buttresses on each side of the chancel. The inte. rior is very neat ; the nave is divided from the aisle by four pointed arches resting on circular columns. At the west end of thechurch is a gallery, erected in 1825, and beneath it a circular font. In the west window of the north aisle is a shield of arms ffu* a saltire or. and in the east window of the same aisle another shield barry of nine or. and az. three annulets gules. On the south side of the chancel, in the church-yard, is the mutilated effigy of a crusader.
Chapels. The village is small and mean, with two chapels, one
for the Wesleyan Methodists, erected about twenty years ago, the other, called Bethel chapel, was erected in 1814 for the Independents. On a small cottage is
* The entire pariah has a population of six handred and forty«eigfat inhabitants.
THE COUNTY OP YORK. 73
inscribed, *^ Tins house, with a yearly income, was given chap.
by Ann Walker, late of Beverley> towards the support '■ —
of three poor widows for eve?, 1706.** There are large flour-mills and tan-yards in this village.
The township of Brigham has a population of one Brigham. hundred and three persons. Otmbling is an inconside- Oembling. rable place, containing eighty-seven inhabitants, and Great Kelt has a population of one hundred and fifty- GreatKelk eight persons.
Foxholes* is a small parish town on the high road Foxholes, from Driffifld to Scarborough, being ten miles distant from the former town. Population, including Boythorp, one hundred and sixty-nine persons.
The church is a rectory, valued in the Liber regis at Chweh. ' £22: patron, the Rev. R. Sykes. It is a small edifice, comprising a nave, chancel, and small turret on the west end. The interior is neat, but possesses nothing particularly worthy notice.
The town is situated in a hollow, with a neat Wesleyan chapel. The lord of the manor is H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq.
The chapelry of Butterwici has a population of Bntterwick ninety-three souls, with a small ancient chapel, situated in a hollow.
Ganton, or Galmfton, is a parish town ten miles €Naitoii. from Hunmanby. The population (including Potter Brompton) is two hundred and seventy-eight persons.
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St Church. Michael, valued in the parliamentary return at £150.t The patronage is in the gift of Sir Thomas Legard, Bart It is a ^acious and handsome edifice, appa*
* The entire parish has two hundred and sixty-two inhabitants, t Bacon styles it a discharged vicarage, rained at £5, 2f. 6d. VOL. IV. L
74 HISTORT OF
BOOK. IV. ready of the architecture of the fourteenth century ; and consists of a nave and aisles, a chancel^ and an em- battled tower at the west end, from which rises a hand- some spire. The interior is neat, with some memoriak of the Legard family.
11-n Ganton hall is a neat edifice, the seat of the ancient
and honourable family of Legard. This family, which is of Norman extraction, became possessed of the lord- ship of Anlaghby or Anlaby, near Hull, in the year 1100, by the marriage of the heiress of that estate. The first of the family that settled at Ganton, was John, commonly distinguished by the name of John de Ganton, a younger son of Ralph Legard, of Anlaby, Esq. His great grandson, John Legard, Esq. having given proofs of his loyalty and attachment to King Charles H. as his father and grandfather had to Charles L was, on the 29tli December, 1660, created a baronet He married Grace, one of the daughters of Conyers Lord D' Arcy, and afterwards Frances, eldest daughter, and one of the co-heirs of Sir Thomas Widdrington. By this second marriage, he became allied to the noble family of Buckmghamshire. Sir John, the first baronet, died at Ganton, in 1678, and his family has ever since flourished at this place, and been gready respected throughout the neighbourhood. The present possessor is Sir Thomas Legard, Bart
Otrton. Garton-upon-thb-Wolds is a parish town, pardy in
the liberty of St Peter, three miles from Driffield. Population, in 1821, three hundred and fifty-seven persons.
Church. The church is a vicarage dedicated to St Michael,
valued in the Liber regis at £5. 6s. 8d., in the par- liamentary return at £110 : patron, the king. It is a neat structure, consisting of a nave, chancel, and tower
THE COUNTY OF YORK. ifl
at the west end. The latter is of Noman architecture, chap. having large piers at the angles. In the west front is ' —
a circiiUr*headed doorway with five bold mouldings, the outer one being billet^headed, and the inner plain; the remainder are of chevron worL Over this door is a rude baaso reUevo . of St Michael overcoming Satan. The interior is plain, and the walls of the tower, like all eariy erections, are of inunense thiduiess. On the north side of the chancel is a circular-headed piscinao with two attached columns. At the west end of* the church is an octagon font
The village is neat, with a Wealeyan and a Primitive Methodist chapel, the latter erected in 1823. Attached to the former is a school, partly supported by the pro- ceeds of a share of the Driffield canal, bequeathed by the late Mrs. Jane Cook* The lord of the manor is Sir T.Sykes,Bart
HumtANBT is a pleasant town ota the high road from Hunnanby Bridlington to Scarborough, being nine miles and a half from' either town. The population, in 1821, amounted to one thousand and eighteen persons. It is well-built and pleasantly situated, being surrounded by six^ thousand acres of fertile land, and adorned by a eon* siderable quantity of ornamental wood, chiefly growing on. an elevated site, called the Castle-hill, where are still to be traced the foundation's of an ancient fortress. From this place the ground slopes, with a -regular and almost imperceptible descent, toward the beautiful and picturesque bay of Filey. Hunmanby had formerly a maiket, which was held on Tuesday ; but has been long discontinued, in consequence, perhaps, of the increase of those of Bridlington and Driffield, occasioned by the amelioration <^ the port of the former, and the c^nal cut from the latter place to the river Hull.
76 HISTORY OF
BOOK^iv. or the name of this {dace, and also (^ that of Barker Ktymo- dale or Bartondale, a derivation has been suggested ^^^' from the ancient existence of wolves in the vicinity^ as
if the houndsman or huntsman bad resided at Hunde- manby, and the hounds, kept for their extirpation, had been kenneled in Barkerdale. It appears from a diarter of the 25th of Henry VI. that Achome, lord of Flixton, a village at the foot of the wolds, about four miles nearly north-west from Hunmanby, in the reign of King Athelstan, ** built an hospital for one alderman, and fourteen brothers and sisters, at Flixton aforesaid, for the preservation of people travelling that way, that ikey might not be devoured by wolves, and other wild beasts, then abounding there ; endowing the said hos- pital with several possessions at Flixton, which were afterwards augmented by other benefactions, and con- firmed by the aforesaid King Henry,'' &c.* A certain ' portion of land, in this vicinity, is still distinguished by the name of " Wolfland ;" and on the spot where the hospital stood is now a farm-house, called Spittal. Chnreh* The church is a vicarage, dedicated to All Saints,
and valued in the Liber regis at £20. Is. 8d. The patronage belongs to H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq.
A grantf preserved in Dugdale's Monasticon, men- tions Hundemanby as the '^ Matrix Ecclesia cum Ca- pellis eisdem (fors. eidem) pertinentibus cujus parochia est. Burtone, Newtone, Fordune, Mustune, Folethorpe (now quite extinct), Rutone et Barkerdale." Of these affiliated chapelries. Burton (North Burton), Wold Newton, Muston and Reighton, continue to pay a small
^ Dudg. Monasticon.
f Entitled ** Charta Roberti (rtther Walteri) de Gaunt, de resUu- ratione Bcrdeneyensis Coenobii.'*
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 77
annaal sum towards the repairs^ &c. of the mother ^§^P-
church ; and, with the exception of the last-mentioned
place, to bury their dead in the church-yard. At Barkerdale, or Bartondale, there is no chapel at present, and only a single farm-house remaining ; and the chapel of Pordun has service performed in it by the vicar of Hunmanby only twice in the year, viz. on Good Friday and the feast of St. Stephen.
Hunmanby church is a large edifice, comprising a nave and north aisle, chancel, and a good tower at the west end. The latter is of Norman foundation, the upper part repaired at a later period. It is embattled, with pinnacles at the angles. On the south side of the nave is an ancient porch and several large windows, with modern perpendicular tracery of clumsy workman- ship. The chancel was rebuilt several years ago, and has in the east end a Venetian window. The interior is neat; the aisle is divided from the nave by five pointed arches resting on circular columns; soqiie of these intercolumniations are occupied by galleries. Above the arches are eleven shields of arms, with the emblazoned bearings of ancient lords of this place. Of these the first is, by lapse of time, illegible. The second, Sylvester Grimston ;* third, Edward Lord Ross; fourth, Hugh Gaunt,+ earl of Chester, and Agnes his wife ; fifth, John Constable, and Beatrix his wife ; aixth^
* The GrinwtoD interest, in Hunmanby, was deiiTed through a female line, from the D'EstoteviUea or StontTilles, who can be traced up to the earliest pages of the parish registers of Hunmanby, oom- nencing A. D. 1^64, in which year occur two of the name of Hunde- ■Mndeby, and of whom the progenitor is found in the original roll of Battle Abbey as ^' Le Seigneur D'Bstoleville."
t A Gaunt of this name is recorded as son of the Conqueror's unele Gilbert de Gaunt ; but perhaps he assumed his mother's name, and foaadad die family of the Barons Montford, of Beldesert.
iS . HISTORY OF
Booi^ IV' Gilbert Gaunt,* and Lady Howell hb wife; sewentm Alan Lord Percy,t and Lady Emma hit wife ; ei^itib» Peter de Manley, lord of Delague.t and Lady Jane his wife ; ninth, Ralph, Lord Fitzwright, and Dame Anne his wife ; tenth, William Osbaldeston, Esq. who married Anne, third daughter of Sir George Wentworth, of Woolay, Knight, by his second wife Everild, daughter of Christopher Maltby, Esq, and eleventh, Sir Christo- pher Osbaldeston, his son, who married first, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Strickland, of Boynton, Bart. and second, Elizabeth, daughter of John Fountayne, of Melton, Esq. At the west end of the church is a plain cylindrical font On the north side of the chancel is an elegant monument to several members of the family of Osbaldeston. It exhibits a full-length figure of Pietyi with a palm-branch in her right hand, resting her foo^ upon a skull, and leaning pensively over an urn. On a broad pediment below is the following inscription:-^
Tbi»' moDttuent is dediotted to the undermentioned persona of the family of Osbaldeston: WiUiam Osbaldeston, Esq. interred Oet. G, 1707, and Ann, bis wife, daughter of Sir Matthew WentworUi, Bait. April 80, 1719 ; also Sir Richard Osbaldeston, Knight, his son, who died Dec. 24, 1728, aged 74. Prances, Sir Richard's first wife, daughter of Sir William Strickland, Bart, died Oct. 11, 1682, by whom he 'had one daughter^ Elisabeth, who was interred Jan. 18, 1660. Elizabeth, his second wife, who was daughter of John Fonn* tayne, Esq. died July 25, 1607, by whom he had four daughters, Tfaeodosia, Eleanor, Elizabeth, and Mary ; and flye sons, William,
* Gilbert, grandson of the Conquerors uncle of that name, is said to have been compelled to marry Hawise (as the Howell In the mural inscription should undoubtedly be read), niece of Ranulph, fMirl of Chester, and daughter of William de Romare, earl of Lincoln.
t This nobleman's wife waa daughter to the Conqoeror's uncle so oAen mentioned.
i This name first occurs In the Gaunt pedigree as the hasband of Niehola, daughter of Gilbert de Gaunt, who died 2d of Edward I.
THE. COUNTY OF YORK. 79
Richtrd, John, Foantayne Wentworth, and Oeo^^. He had also CHAP. Iwo danghters, Catharine and Eleanor, by Catharine, his third wife, ^^^ who was the daughter of Thomas Hasel, of Thorp, Esq. the first of whom died Sept. IS, 1796, aged 10 years, the latter was interred Jane 16, 1768, aged 46. Richard, his second son, by Elizabeth, was bishop of Loadon, and died May 15, 1764, aged 74. John, his tldrd son, died at Bengal. George, his fifth son, died Febraary iD, 176^, aged 66, William, his eldest son, represented the borough of Scar- borough in seven parliaments, and died Sept. 5, 1765, aged 79 ; and Foantayne Wentworth, his fourth son, succeeded his brother William as member of parliament for Scarborough, and died June- 10, 1770, aged 76, In purfluanee of whose will, this monament is eroded*
On the south wall of the chancel is' a neat tablet in- scribed as follows :
To preserre the remembrance of one, who, for her excellence, ought nefer to be forgotten, this marble records the name of Agnes Wrangham ; daughter of R. Creyke, Esq. of Marton, and wife of Francis Wiangham, vicar of this parish, fihe died 'March 0, 180ft, aged only Sl.— - Potuit quB plurima Tirtus esse, MU
The i^icarage honse^ which stands near the church. Vicarage, has been greatly improved and embellished^ both by Imildings and plantations, under the present incumbent the Rev, Francis Wrangham, M. A: F. R. S. Of this, and of the expense (above £1,200) a slight memorial is preserved upon a stone placed in an inconspicuous pari tSAe wall of the mansion, by the following inscriptbti:
iBdes . hasoe • antea . male . materiatas • aretas • rrlnosas . C. L. co « pivs . minTS . H8 . de . sTa . pecrnia . impensis . qTod . Iblix . fhvstym • qre . sit . refedt • avxit • omayit. FranciscTS • Wrangham . Ticarivs. A.U. 190S.
The intnior is fitted up with considerable taste ; and the library,* collected by the present possessor, is ex-
« An aeeoont of some of the " rarities" in this library was pub- lished in 1804, with the following title : «« A Bibliographical and Deseriptive Tear from Searborongb, to the library of a Philobiblist in tu neighbourhood. By John Cole, bookseller, Scarborough.^
80 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. tremely rich in curious^ rare and valaaUe books^ ool- lected with great judgment and taste. The number of volumeB is upwards of fifteen thousand^ and among them is a unique copy o( La Morte d' Arthur, and a considerable number of privately printed books presented to the worthy and amiable vicar. Here is a large and valuable painting by Bogdani, of his favourite subject^ birds ; a portrait of the Rev. F. Wrangham, by G. Clint, Esq. R. A.; Walter Fawkes, Esq. of Farnley hall, and his first wife (sister of John Grimstone, Esq. of Nes- wick), by Singleton ; the Marriage of St. Catherine, by Francesco Yanni, &c.
From an inquisition taken the second year of Edward I. at the death of Gilbert de Gaunt, great grandson of Gilbert de Gaunt, uncle, by the mother's side, of the Conqueror ; it appears that this chieftain held the manor of Hunmanby by barony, and that on the marriage of his son Gilbert with Lora de Baliol, he settled it in dowry upon his new daughter-in-law.* This marriage, however, proving unproductive of issue, the lordship passed, by the union of his daughter Margaret with William de Eerdeston, into the Eerdeston family ; and a parliamentary baron of that name died 34th Edward III. possessed of the manor of Holagh^ in
* TbU (kYOUfed leader, the first Gilbert de Gaant, who was en- dowed by his royal nephew with tlie lands of a Danish rebel named Tonr, is said to hare possessed, besides these, many lordships fai Berks, Oxfordshire, Yorkshire, Cambridgeshire, Bucks, Herts, Northamptonsliire, Rutlandshire, and Leicestershire ; and one hundred and thirty in Lincolnshire alone, in which county he made Folking- ham the head of his barony. Frequent mention of him occurs of course in Domesday-book. To extend still fhrther this enormous area of property, he married Alice, daughter and heiress of Hugh de Montfort. He died in tiie reign of William Rufns, and was bnried in Bardney abbey.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 81
Swaledale, "parcel of the manor of tiundetnanby :" chap. one-third of it also was, a few years ago, afterwards — —
enjoyed, most probably in like manner, through female derivation, by John de Clifton, who^ engaging in the crusade, fell at Rhodes, 12th Richard II. and was be- queathed by him, together with some other estates, to his son Constantine.*
" These divided manorial rights, anciently tripartite, under the names of Ross,t Lennox, and Rossmore, are now united together, with the property of more than two-thirds of the township, in the hands of Humphrey Osbaldeston, Esq. who has recently, by building new farm-houses, and making numerous plantations, as well as by embellishing the grounds more immediately con- tiguous to his residence, greatly contributed to the improvement and ornament of the estate." j:
Hunmanby hall is a neat mansion of red brick, HaU. situated on a slight elevation near the to^iii. The gar- dens are pleasant and well laid out, and the plantations are flourishing. The gate-house, which represents a ruin, was erected in 1829, of a crumbling stone obtained on the sea-shore. It is the seat of H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq.
The village is very pleasant, and has two chapels Chapels. devoted to public worship, exclusive of the church. One belongs to the Baptists, established in 1817, the other to the Wesleyan Methodists. A lending library, on Dr. Bray's plan, for the use of the neighbouring clergy ; and a parochial library, for the benefit of the poor, has been established nearly twenty years. A
• Beauties of Eoglaod and Wales— Yorkshire, p. S94. f A fine tract of fertUe land, near the town, slill reUins the •f Rossdale.
t Beattties of England ab4 Wales^Yorkshire, p. S04.
VOL. IV. M
82 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV* Lancasterian school was established in this place^ by H. Osb^deston, Esq. in 1810, under Mr. Thomas Duggleby, who enjoys a salary of about £60 per annum for his services. Here also are small almshouses for six widows.
In this town was bom, in 1671, Dr. R Fiddes, author of the Life of Cardinal Wolsey, and a Body of Divinity, &c. Fordun. Fordun is a small chapelry on the wolds, the popu*
lation amounting to forty-eight persons.
The chapel, which is very small, contains nothing worthy notice. The chancel was rebuilt, and the entire edifice repaired, in the latter part of the year 1829. Service is only performed here twice a-year, viz. on Good Friday and the feast of St Stephen.
The village, which consists of a few farm-houses, has a picturesque appearance. Little Kelk LiTTLE Kelk is a small village, extra-parochial, with
a population of fifty-one persons. KUham. KiLHAM is a large parish town, partly in the liberty
of St. Peter, with a population of nine hundred and seventy-one persons. It is five miles distant from Driffield. Church. The church peculiar is a vicarage, dedicated to All
Saints, and valued in the Liber regis at £6. I3s. 4d., in the parliamentary return at £106. I8s. id. It is in the patronage of the dean of York, and is a large spacious edifice, situated on high ground in the centre of the village. It consists of a nave, chancel, and tower at the west end. The latter is of considerable height, embattled, and apparently of the architecture of the latter part of the fifteenth, or beginning of the sixteenth century. On the south side of the nave is a modern porch, and within it a circular arched entrance
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 83
of seven cherron mouldings, renting on attached columns. ^ ha ^.
Above this is some curious sculpture in diamond panels. The windows of the nave are modern, but its great antiquity is certain from the remains of a series of sculptured blocks still existing near the roof. The interior is spacious and neat; it underwent a thorough repair between eight and nine years ago at the expense of the parish, and cost about £500. At the west end is a gallery, and beneath it a small modem font On the south side of the chancel are three pointed stalls and a piscina.
Kilham is a straggling village, nearly a mile and a quarter long. It had formerly a market on Thursday, but it has long declined, aod is now totally disused. There are two fairs, held annually on the 21 st of August and 12th of November. In this town are two chapels Ciwpels. for the Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists, and the Baptists; the latter was established in 1822. The free grammar school in this town was founded by John Grammar Lord D*Arcy, of Aston, in this county, in the ninth year of the reign of Charles I. with appointments for a mast^ and usher, £20 per annum being allowed the former, and £10 the latter. The present school-house was erected about 1819.
The lordship of Kilham (the property of Thomas Duesbery, Esq.) contains between seven and eight thousand acres of land, the principal part of which is arable.
In this parish there is a mineral spring, near the road Sprlns. leading to Rndston, said to be efficacious in curing various disorders ; and the Vipsey or Gripsey,* after a wet autumn, breaks out at a place called Henpit Hole,
* For a furUier account of the Gypsies see Wold Newton, p. 00«
84 HISTORY OF
KOK iVs near the road to Langtoft. The violeDce of this spring or apout^ when it first issues out of the ground, is said to be so great, that a man on horseback may ride under its arched stream.
Luifftoft. Langtoft* is a small parish town in a deep hollow on the woldsy partly in the liberty of St Peter, with a population of four hundred and sixteen persons. It is six miles distant from Driffield.
The church peculiar is a vicarage, dedicated to Si Peter, valued in the Liber regis at £8: patron, the dean of York. It is a small edifice, comprising a nave, chancel, and tower at the west end ; the latter appears to be of the architecture of the thirteenth century, but the rest of the church is much later. The interior is plain ; on the south side of the chancel are three stalls, trefoil-headed, with pediments and large finials. Much of the tracery in the windows is filled up- with bricks and moi^tar
. The village is straggling, but picturesque. A small chapel for the Wesleyan Methodists was erected about twenty years ago.
Peter of Peter of Langtoft, a poet and historian of the four-
teenth century, was a canon of the monastery of Brid- lington, and received his surname from this place, where he was bom early in the fourteenth century. He was ihe author of several works, the principal of which was a Chronicle of England, in verse, and in the French tongue; and such was the extraordinary proficiency which he had attained in that language, that some have supposed him a Frenchman by birth. This chronicle was translated into English metre by Robert Brunne, in the time of Edward III. which translation was pub*
* The entire parish containg four hundred and tbirty-two inhabitanU.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 86
lished at Oxford, in 1725, by He&rne, the antiquary, char
who regarded Peter as fully equal to any historian whom the darker ages could produce. The history, which is copious and circumstantial, begins with the Trojan origin of the Britons, and is continued to the end of the ^reign of Edward I. soon after whose time the author is believed to have died, and to have been buried in the priory of Bridlington.
Lord Cathcart possesses the manorial rights.
Cottam is a small township (partly in the liberty of Cottam. St Peter) with a population of sixteen persons. There is a very small ancient chapel at this place ; the interior has a solitary pew and a reading-desk. Near it are some earthworks, probably the remains of a British village.
The parish of Lowthorpe is situated five miles from Lowthorpe Driffield. The population amounted, in 1821, to one hundred and forty-nine persons.
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St. Church. Martin, valued in the parliamentary return at £67.* In 1333 this church was made collegiate, viz. for a rector and six chantry priests, and three clerks. There has been no institution to it since 1579. The patron of this church is W. T. St. Quintin, Esq. The church consists of a nave, chancel, and tower at the west end ; the latter is finished with brick and clumsy pinnacles. It was formerly a very handsome structure, the windows being lofty, of three Ughts, with trefoil heads, and three qnatrefoils in the sweep of the arch. The portion of the church now used for divine service is the nave, the chancel having been desecrated for a considerable
^ The sum of £\6, I6f. is annually paid out of the exchequer for eervliig this church and Rust on Parva.
86 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. period. In this part of lihe church are two large ash- treev^ and some curious monuments, one of which is a brass tablet, rendered illegible through the weather.* Affixed to the north side of the nave is the following historical tablet, in bad repair :
The collegiate church of Lowthorpe was an ancient rectory, dedi- cated to St. Martio.
A, D. 1883 it was endowed by Sir John de Heslarton, who^foanded in it six perpetual chantries.
A. D. 1864 Sir Thomas de Heslarton added another chantry for the Bonis -of himself and Alice his wife. He endowed the church with the manor of Lowthorpe and the mansion-house.
A. D. 1776 the inhabitants of the township ol Lowtfaor|^ repaired the roof of the church.
A. D. 1777 the church was paved and and the chancel
contracted and painted by Sir William St. Quintin, Bart, lord of the manor and patron of the living, descended from the family of the HeslartoBS by the marriage of Sir William St. Quinton to Constance, daughter of the aboTe-named Sir John de Heslarton, A. D. 1339.
. Lowthorpe is a small but pleasing village. The hall, a building of considerable antiquity, was taken down about three years ago.
Mnston. Mustqn is a s^all parish town, one mile and a half
from Hunmanby, with a population of three hundred and fifty persons.
Church. The church is a perpetual curacy,* dedicated to All
Saints, in the patronage of H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq. It was formerly a chapelry to Hunmanby, to which church it still continues to pay a small sum towards the repairs of the mother church; and the inhabitants bury there. It is a small edifice, consisting of a nave, north
* Surely these monuments might have been preserved, if the chan- cel was not thought deserTing ; a little attention would hare sared the roof.
t Bacon styles it a discharged vicarage, valued at 4^6. lOt.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 87
aisle and chancel, and a small turret The interior is chap. neat, with a gallery at the west end. '• —
The village is small, but pleasantly situated; and there are two chapels, one for the Independents, the Chapels, other for the Primitive Methodists.
Naffbrton* is a small parish town, two miles and a Ntffertoiu half from Driffield, with a population of nine hundred and seventeen persons.
The churi^h is a perpetual curacy,t dedicated to All Chnreh. Saints, and valued in the Liber regis at £97. 19«. 8d^ It is in the patronage of the archbishop of York* This church was an ancient rectory, belonging to the patron- age of the Percys, till Sir Henry Percy, Knight, gave it to the abbot and convent of Meaux, about 1304; a vicarage was then ordained for a perpetual vicar to serve the church, to have cure of souls, &c. Thomlsis, archbishop of York, decreed that this vicarage should consist of twenty marcs sterling, payable quarterly, by die religious. Tliis sum the vicar enjoys to this day, and which is paid by the lay impropriator.J The church, which is situated on a considerable eminence, is a neat structure, comprising a nave and aisles, chancel, and good tower at the west end. The windows are of two lights with trefoil heads, and at the east end is a large pointed window of four lights. The clerestory of the nave has four large pointed windows of three lights. It was entirely repaired in 1828. The interior is neat; the aisles are divided from the nave by four pointed aiches resting on octagonal columns. At the west end is a neat gallery. The pulpit and desks are grouped
* The entire parUh contains one thoataod two hundred and sixty- one iahnlHUnts. t Bneon styles It a discharged Ticarage, ralaed at £19. 16t. 4d. t Laai^dele's Topog. Diet.
88 HISTORY OF
BOOK iv^ on the north side of the church; the former has a para- bolic sounding board of considerable size. At the west end of the church is a modem font^ placed there during the late repairs. The ancient one is an immense cylinder, at least three feet in diameter, and the face covered with true-lover's knot-work. It is now deposited in the belfry.*
Chapels. The village is pleasant and neatly built, and contains
three chapels. The Wesleyan Methodists' chapel was erected about thirty years ago, the Primitive Methodists* chapel in 1825, and the Baptists' chapel in 1821. There is a small school, principally supported by voluntary subscriptions, and the sum of £5 annually, which was left by Mr. John Baron, of Bridlington, in 1709.
Wansford. The township of Wans/ord^ in this parish, has a popu- lation of three hundred and forty-four persons.
Reighton. Reighton is a small parish town, two miles and a half from Hunmanby, with a population of two hundred and seventeen persons.
Church. The church is a vicarage, valued in the Liber regis
at £9. 10«., in the parliamentary return at £139: patron. Sir William Strickland, Bart. It was formerly a chapel to Hunmanby, to which it still pays a small sum annually towards repairs, &c. The church is a small ediBce, consisting of a nave and north aisle, a chancel, and a small brick turret at the west end. The south side of the nave has been rebuilt with brick, the other side and the whole of the chancel is of Norman work- manship. The interior is neat; the nave is divided from the aisle by three circular arches resting on
^ The author had the good fortune to preserve this aneient font from being broken up for the repair of the roads. The warden, upoB being made acquainted with Its anttquity (at least seven oentarles !} gave orders to deposit it in the belfry.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 89
eolamns of a similar form. The font, situated at the chap.
Xii*
west end of the church, ia square^ with elegant pillars ^
at the angles ; the rest of the font has diaper work.
From different parts of this village and the church- yard, there are some beautiful views of Filey, the woldsj and Scarborough in the distance*
There is a neat Wesleyan Methodist chapel in this Chapel, village, it was erected in 1818. Mr. Osbaldeston is brd of the manor.
RuDSTON is a small village about five miles from Radston. Bridlington, with a population of four hundred and ^vetiteen persons. In Domesday-book this place is called Rodstane, and is probably so named from an obelisk or monument which stands in the church«yard. Obelisk.
This obelisk is one entire natural stone of the coarse rag, or mill-stone grit, of the same kind and shape as the celebrated stones near Boroughbridge, which Camdeoj Leland, and Drake suppose to be Roman trophies^ erected in commemoration of some victory, but they are probably of greater antiquity, and portions of dmidical temples. , It is twenty-nine feet four inches
VOL. IV. N
fX>
HISTORY OF
BOOK !▼. in beSglit^ and its length within ground has Wn fraoed to the depth of more than tjvelve feet^ withont reaching its bottom. ** The breadth of this stone is five feet ten inches^ and the thickness two fbet three indies ; and supposing it to be twenty-eight feet above gtx>und^ and as much below as above, the whole weight is probably forty-six tons.'^* All the foiur sides are a little oonvex, and the whole is covered with a close moss. Some years ago, the weather having made considerable in- roads on the upper part of the stone, it was covered with Iead.t
Chnrch. The church is a vicarage, dedicated to All Saints,
and valued in the king's books at £i. 13#. Sj^d. ; it is in the piitronage of the Archbishop of York. It is a small neat edifice, consisting of a nave and aisles, a chancel, and a neat embattled tower at the west end* The interior is neat, having been repaired in 1829. The aisles are divided from the nave by three pointed arches resting on circular columns. On the south side of the chancel are three stalls with pedimental canopies. In one of the north-aisle windows is a shield of arms ar. a chevron between three martlets sa. and in the east window of the south aisle a shield gu. a lion rampant or. At the west end of the nave is a gallery, and beneath it a circular font.
Chapels. In this village, which is small, are two chapels, that for the Wesleyan Methodists was erected about fifteen years ago, and the one for the Primitive Methodists in 1829. The lord of the manor is Sir F. Boynton, Bart Thorpe hall, the seat of Lord MacdoDiald, is a phiin
Thorpe hall.
* Archeologia, toI. t.
f Ad old woman in the Tillage infonned the author that she coold remember the remains of a similar block of stone, which was situated some yards to the east of the present obelisk.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 01
iNifc commodious edifice, eonsisting of a centre and chaf. wings, with extremely pleasant grounds, adjoining {he —
road firomRudston to Bridlington.
RusTQN Parva is a small parish town, situated in a Ruiton boUow oh the wolds, and four miles distant from Drif- fidd. Population, one hundred and forty persons.
• The diunsh^ one of Ae meanest edifices in the Bast Chureb. riding, is a cur Acy in the patronage of W. T. Si Qnintin,
Ea^. It is of considerable length, with a porch on due north side, and a small bell-turret with two bells at fbe west end. Tito ihterior has nottiing worthy notice.
The village is small, and situated in the hollow, tbe chorch biNaig on a hiU. Near the latter is an ancient . beacon.
The parish of Thwino is situated about ei^t miles Thwing. from Bridlington. Population, including Octon, three hundred and fourteen persons*
The chundi is a rectory, dedicated to AU Saints^ Cknreh. and valued in the Liber regis at £8. 12#. l^ It con* ttsts of two medieties, Thwing and Octon, both .in the patronage of the king. It is situated on a slight eleva* ration, and consists of a nave, north aisle, and chancel^ with a bell-turret on the roof at the west end. On the south side is a brick porch,* and within it a circular-; arched doorway, the upper part filled up with a basso ralievo of the holy lamb widi the flag. The interior is neat; the aisle is separated from the nave by four pointed
* Over a door on the north side of the nave is thB following earioQS Inscription, reeording the names of two churchwardens :
aoBsnrn oTPxaio
HNSTBTB WSOM
108618
92
HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. arches resting on octagonal columns. On the norih side of the chancel, the effigy of a priest pressing a chalice to his breast has been most ridiculously placed erect, instead of being allowed to retain its original situation on the floor of the church. There is a small gallery on the north side of the nave/ and at the west end is a modem font This church was pewed in IS 14. The village is small, with a chapel for the Wesleyan Methodists, erected about fifteen years ago. The lord of the manor is M. Prickett, Esq.
Thomas Lamplugh, archbishop of York, who died in 1691, was a native of this place.*
In this parish is Wold cottage, the seat of the Rev. T. F. F. Bowes. In the immediate neighbourhood of the house, one of the most extraordinary phenomena of nature ever observed in this, or in any other part xyf the world, occurred on the ISth of December, 1795, Eitraordi' about three o'clock in the ajftemoon ; when a stone of nary s no. ^^ weight of fifty-sis pounds fell from some superior region. The place where it fell is about one-third of a mile nearly west from Wold cottage, then the residence of the late Edward Topham, Esq. who, in order to commemorate the event, erected an obelisk, with this inscription :—
Chapel.
Lamplagh.
W6ld Cot- tage.
Here on this spot, Dec. IStb, 1705, fell from the atmoBphere an extraordinary stone, in breadth twenty-eight inches, in length thirty- six inches, and whose weight was fifty-six pounds. This colomn, in memory of it, was erected by Edward Topham, 1790.
The following account was communicated by Major Topham, and is published in a work, on British mi-
» VideToUli.p.70.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. W
wniogf, bjr lAr* Sowerby, in wfaoce muaeom die stone is DOW depoated.*
^ The stone in question fell widiin two fields of my house. The wealfaer was misty, and at times inclining to nin; and fliong^ diere was some thunder and lightning at a distance, it was not till the falling of the stone that Ae explosion took place, which alarmed the snrronnd- ing country, and which created so distinctly the sensa- tioD that something very singular had happened.
" When the stone feU, a shefdierd of mine, who was returning from his sheep, was about one hundred and fifty yards from the spot ; and John Shipley, one of my £mning men, was so near the spot where it fell, that he was struck very forcibly by some of the mud and eartfi railed by the stone dashing into the earth, which it penetrated to the depth of twelve inches, and seven afterwards into the chalk rook ; making, in all, a depth of nineteen inches from the surfiice-i*
'* When the stone was passing through the air, which it did in a north-west direction from the sea-coast, numbers of persons distinguished a body passing throu^ die clouds, though not able to ascertain what it was ; and two sons of the clergyman of Wold Newton (a village near me), saw it pass so distinctly by them, diat they ran up immediately to my house to know if any thing extraordinary had happened.
" In the diflerent villages, over which the stone took its direction, various were the people who heard the noise of something passing through the air, accurately and distincdy, though they could not imagine what was the cause of it; and, in many of the provincial news-
^ lo the Lambeth road, London.
t The eolnma is ereeted exaetly oTer the place which the stone excavated by its fell.
CHAP. XIL
94 HISTQRY OF
Booti ivS papers^ these accounts irere pd^lisbed, at the time, from diflerent persons.
^ In factj DO circumstance, of the kind bed ever more concurrent testimonies ; and the appearance of the atone itself, while it resembles in composition those which ace supposed to have fallen in various other parts of the world, has no counterpart or resemblance in the natural stones of the country.*
'* The stone, in its fall, excavated a place of the depth before-mentioned ; and of something more than a yard in diameter. It had fixed i^lf so strongly in the chalk rock, that it required labour to dig it out
" On being brought home, it was weighed, and tiie weight at that time was fifty-six pounds, which has been diminished in a small degree al present, by different pieces being taken from it, as presepts to diflerent literati of the country. Mr. King, the antiquary, in his account of '^ sky-fallen stones/' has published an ac* count of tliis, with many curious and learned remarks on those which have fallen,at difikrent periods.
'' All these three witnesses, ^o saw it fall, agree perfectly in their account of the manner of its fall, and that they saw a dark body passing through the air, and ultimately strike the ground; and diough, from their
* Mr. BiffUnd, in one of hts tourt through Yorkshire, in 1810, oopied the inseription on the column, and wkw % piece of the ttood in the posfession of the Rey. Francis Wrugham; A. M. F. R.S. vicar of Hanroanby. It has a black and vitrified surface, exhibiting marks of a yolcanic origin, or at least of having been, by-some means, ex* posed to the action of lire : the inside Is vrhlte,'and of a granu* lated but very compact texture : its weight, in proportion to that of marble, is, according to the Count de Boumon's analysis, as three thousand five hundred and eight to two thousand seven hundred and sixteen, and its composition is totally diflferent from that of any kind of stone yet discovered.— Beairf. qf England^Ywkikire, p. 400.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 9&
UtaUkn ia^ chaHaoUfr*^ i^ hk, th^ could have no ^S.^^*
posfltble ol^eet in detailidg a false accomt of this traiuh —
aetloD, I fcdt so desirous of giving this matter every degree of autheptieity ^ that, ais a magbtrate^ I took their account upon oath» immediately on. my return iilto the oountr^. I saw no reason t6 doubt atiy of their evi- dcnee» after the most minute ii^estigation of it"
Wn.LEaBY* is a small parish town six miles frooGi wnierby. Huamanby, and has a population of thirty-four persdnsi
The church is a vicarage, dedicated to St. Petetj Church, tabed in the liber regb at £9. 0#. lid., id the p^r- liaiiientary return at £120 : palrori^ the king. It obn- aists of a nate and ehancel^ with a small tower at the wsstead.
The v31age is pleasant, with a Wesleyan chapeL The Chapel, lord of the ananor is R Denison, Esq.
The township of Bhmia^ton ham a population of Binnlngtoii fiftf persons* and that of StiMxtan two hundred and staxton. Airteen ; neither deserve partieular notice.
Woj^D NiEWTON is a small parish town about eight Wold sales from Bridlit«ton. The population, including the ^®'*'^''''* dilfielffy oi Fordun, is two hundred and twenty-five
PSVBOQS.
The church is a perpetual curacy ,t valued in the Chorch. parliamentary return at £60: patron, R Langley, Esq. This was anciently a chapel to Hunmanby, to which it still continues to pay a sqaaU annual sum towards the lefwirs, &c and the inhabitants bury th^ir dead there. The church is a small but neat edifice, having a nave, ditancelf and small turret at the west* end. On the
* The entire perUh contains two hundred and nlnety-ssTen In* haMtantt.
♦ Baesa styles this a dSsrtarged Ttense^ Tahied ia the king's books at ife. lOt.OidL
96 HISTORY OP
BOOK IV. south side is a porch, and ^^ithin it a circular-arched
"^ entrance, the upper part enclosed with chequer-work
and a cross in a circle. The interior is neat, with a
circukr font, ornamented in the upper part with leaves
and cable mouldings.
The village is small, but pleasantly situated io a valley with a large mere or lake, principally supplied by
Chapd. the Gipseys. There is a neat Wesleyan chapel, erected in 1830. The lord of the manor is H. B. Osbaldeston, Esq.
Gipieys. The Gipseys* are streams of water which at different periods are observed on some parts of the Yorkshire wolds ; they appear towards the latter end of winter or early in the spring. They are then seen trickling through the grass where the ground is not broken, and sometimes rushing with considerable force through die surface ; and the emission of water is often so copious as to constitute a very considerable stream, filling a drain twelve feet wide and three feet deep, called by the country-people the gypsey-race, by which it is con- veyed to the sea. This is probably the re-appearance of a wold stream, running eastward till It is absorbed a few miles to the west of the village ; but it is un- doubtedly accelerated and augmented by a continuance of heavy rains; and indeed the Gipseys neven appearance except in a very wet seas>n| sometimes flow during two^ totally cease, leaving acai- place from which the wai There can be no dc exalted their rivers and i
* The word i» not prononneed the g in this case being toumicd I
THE COUNTY OF YORK.
97
iigion; and ifvfaenever an object had been thus em- ployed^ it was reyerenced with a degree of sanctity ever afterwards ; and we may readily suppose^ that the ludden and extraordinary appearance of this stream^ after an interval of two or three successive years, would awaken their curiosity, and excite in them a feeling of sacred astonishment From the Druids may probably have descended a custom, formerly prevalent among the young people at North Burton, but now discontinued : it was — *' going to meet the Gipsey," on her first ap- proach.* Whether or not this meeting was accom- panied by any particular ceremony, cannot now be ascertained*
CHAP.
xiif.
CHAPTER XIII.
fctJRYET OP BtrCKEOSE WAP»NTAIK*
Tvis ii an extenaive wapentake, and Includes a con- HuckroM i»bb portion of the wdds. It contains the follow^ ivapenttke
NQltTB GAlMarONSj HEl'PERTHOaPa, WEST lIBSMinTOy,
>UmKBir-U!fnBR<DAl*S, -RKIlAMt
M HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. ItlMflTOK, TBORPB BASttn*
"""""""^ NORTON, WBATBRTHORPB,
RILLINGTON, WB8T0N,
8CRATIN0HAM, WBTWANO,
8BTTRIN6T0K» WHARRAM PERCY,
8HBRBURN, WHARRA31-LB-8TREBT,
SKIRPBNBBCK^ WIKTRIKGflAM,
8LBDMERB, TBDDINGBAH.
Ackltm. The pariah town of Acrlam* is situated in a pic- turesque valley in the wolds. It is six miles and a half from Malton^ and^ including Bartharpe (partly in St Peter's liberty)^ has a population of three hundred and eighty-nine persons.
Charch. The church peculiar is a vicarage^ dedicated to St
John the Baptist It is valued in the Liber regis at £5, in the parliamentary returns at £130; the patron being the chancellor of York cathedral. It is a small edifice^ situated on the side of a hill^ and consists of a nave, chancel, and small embattled tower at the west end. The interior is neat, having an octagonal font.
The houses in this village are entirely built of a hard white stone, procured from a quarry a short distance from the church. There are two chapels in this town, one for Wesleyan Methodists, the other for Primitive Methodists ; the latter erected in 1821, at the cost of £260.
From Acklam wold is one of the most extensive views that can be obtained in any part of the east riding. Howden church, Hemingbrough spire, woods thirty miles beyond York, the splendid mansion of Castle Howard, Craike and Sheriff Hutton castles, Malton,
* Part of this parish, with one hundred and five inhabitants, it In the west division of Lingbanirgh liberty, in the North riding.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 09
and the intervening country^ appear beneath the spec- c H a P.
tator like a beautifhl map.
At Acklam ia a vallum and two ditches^ running eaat British for a considerable distance ; part has been ploi^hed up, but there is near a mile perfect It is to be traced agun near Fridaythorpe^ and winds along the edge of one of the principal hills on the wolds. Some part of the wolds deserves to be investigated with great care, as the most interesting discovei'ies would be made re- specting the earliest inhabitants of our island.*
In the neighbourhood of Huggate^ Millipgton, and Warter^ the entrenchments^ ridgeways, and remains of British villages are very extensive. These ridgeways, says Sir Richard Colt Hoare, were the roads made use of by the earliest inhabitants of Britain, as lines of com- mnnication between their diflferent towns and villages. They generally followed the highest ridges of land, on which also we find their habitations; they were not paved with stone and gravel, as in later times by the
* In traTersing the extensive downs of Wiltshire our attention is continnally arrested hy the works of the ancient Britons ; strong fortresses, circles, harrows, and other inequalities in the ground, wliieh are evidently contrary to nature. Whoever lias studied atten- tively the formation of our chalk hills, will observe, that all maiden downs, by which I mean all lands untouched by the plough, bear a most even and smooth surface ; and whenever we find the appear- ance of that sarface altered by excavations and other irregularities, we may there look with a prospect of success for the habitations of the Britons ; and especially if the herbage is of a more than verdant hue, and the soil thrown up by the moles of a blacker tint. There, on turn- ing up the soil, will be found convincing i^roofs of ancient residence, such as animal bones, pottery, brick tiles, and coins of the lower em* pifft. Such are the certain indicia which have led us to the discovery of numerous British towns and settlements; and I flatter myself that the came indieia will lead to equally important discoveries in other eomties where the plough ha^ not annihilated them. -^/foare's Ane, WilU, South, p. 17.
100 HISTORY OF
^^^^ IV* Romans, but their basis was the firm and iwdant turf.* All the worics on the Yorkshire wolds appear to be purely British, and it is ijnpossible to trace any additions of a subsequent nation.
A large map of these ancient remains, with the foU lowing title and imprint, i» in the royal coITection in the British museum.: — ^' An accurate survey of some stu- pendous remains of Roman antiquity on the wolds in Yorkshire; through which some grand military ways to several eminent stations are traced. . The breadth * of each dyke or bank for a barrier, is twelve yards.t There are vestiges of small encampments. The per* pendicular height of the hills in general, from the level of the vales, is from sixty to nmety yards. . And the quantity of ground which these works enclose con- sists of above thirteen thousand acres. Survey'd and drawn by John Haynes of York, 1744. Impensis No- biliss D"^ Dn^ Richardi comitis Burlington.''
A short distance north-west of Huggate, are six ditches in breadth, the whole seventy- three yards broad; and a little distance from Millington, the surveyor of this map has marked a circular temple and tesselated pavement, nothing of which is known at the present time. From the entenchments being multiplied, and particularly distinguished by the vastness of their banks, we may indubitably pronounce the works in this part of Yorkshire to have been executed by a people weU versed in castramentation.
LeaTeniag. Leavening is a small township in the parish of Ack- 1am, with a population of two hundred and ninety-four persons. Here is a chapel for the Wesleyan Methodists,
• Ancient Wilts, North, p 46.
t This is nearly the breadth of the Wansdyke.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. Ml
erected in 1824, one for the Primitive Methodists, ^^f^*
erected in 1820, and a small school, supported by sub-
scription. The road between this place and Acklam, though only a mile in distance, passes over three or four excessively steep hills, even for a pedestrian.
The parish of Birdsall is* situated about four miles Birdnli. from Malton, and has a population of two hundred and forty persons.
The church is a perpetual curacy, dedicated to St. Chareb. Mary, and valued in the parliamentary return at £49 per annum. It was appropriated by Walter de Espec to his priory at Kirkham. The patronage is now in the marquis of Hertford. The old church of this parish (which is situated near the hall), having become very ruinous. Lord MIddleton, about five years ago, built an elegant edifice in the pointed style of architecture, on an elevated site north of the old church. It is of stone, and consists of a nave and chancel, with a handsome tower at the west end. The latter rises to a considera- ble height, and is finished with a pierced battlement, adorned with pinnacles at the angles. In the upper part of this tower is a handsome window of three lights, with a transom and perpendicular tracery in the sweep. The nave and chancel is made into three divisions by buttresses, finished above by a pierced parapet In each division is a pointed window of three lights. At the east ^nd is a large window, and above it the armorial bearings of Lord Middleton. The interior is fitted up with great taste; at the west end is a handsome gallery.
Birdsall hall is a low but extensive building, with HaU. good grounds and a large park. It is the seat of Lord Middleton. Near the house is the old church in ruins. The nave was separated from the aisles by four pointed
IM HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. arches resting on circular colunms* At the west end is a tower.
Henry Here wss born Henry Burton, a puritan divine, in
Burton. j^^g jj^ ^^ educated at St. John's college. Cam- hridge, but took his degree of B. D. at Oxford. He ^ was appointed clerk of the closet to Prbce Henry, «id
to Prince Charles; but was discharged for writing a libel against the bishops. After thb he obtained the rectory of St Matthew, Friday street, London ; but got into trouble by his seditious sermons, being sentenced to pay a fine of £5,000, to be placed in the pillory, and then imprisoned for life in Lancaster gaoL The place of confinement was afterwards altered to the castle of Guernsey, where he remained till 1640> when the parliament recalled him. He was also restored to his living ; and died in 1648. He wrote many pamphlets, chiefly controversial, and generally displayed excessive zeal in his subject
Bagthorpe. BuoTHORPB is a small parish town, partly in the liberty of St Peter. It is situated six miles and a half from Pocklington, with a population of two hundred and eighty-one persons.
Chnrcli. The church peculiar is a vicarage, dedicated to St
Andrew. It is valued in the king's books at £20, in the parliamentary return at £95 : patron, the preben- dary thereof in York cathedral. It is a large edifice, and has a curious appearance, the chancel being con- siderably larger and higher than the nave. In plan it consists of a nave, chancel, and chapel on the north side, with a neat embattled tower at the west end. The nave has been repaired at various times. The south side of the chancel is made into four divisions by but- tresses ; and in each is a lofty pointed window of two lights, with trefoil heads and a quatrefoil in the sweep
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 108
of.lliettrclL At the north-east ai^e it a large acta- chap gonal staircase^ finished above the roof with a pedi- ^
mental cap. The interior is neat; the arch between the nave and chancel is circular, and rests on four columns, with curious capitals of St Peter and St Paul, true-loTer's knot, &c. At the west end of the church is « a circular font On the north side of the chancel is a monument with a profile bust, to Mary Payler, grand- daughter and sole heiress of Sir W. Payler, Bart of Thorolby hall, who died Dec. 21, 1756, ageji sixty ; near the same a tablet to Sir Edward Payler, Bart died 1647^ aged sixty-five.
Sir F. Wood, Bart is the lord of the manor*
The parish town of Burythorpb is situated four miles Bory- sooih of Malton, with a population of two hundred and ^ ^^^' sixteen persons. It is situated on high ground, and from difierent parts of it extensive views of the north riding can be obtained.
The church is a rectory* dedicated to All Saints, CHmrch. valued in the liber regis at £16. 16s. 3<L : patron, the king. It is a curious structure of Norman architecture, consisting of a nave and chancel, without a bell-turret or tower. The east end of the chancel is made into two divisions by three buttresses ; in each division is a small trefoil as a window, and in the rise or pediment of the roof a circular window, now filled up. The interior is perfecdy plain ; at the west end is a circular font
In the village is a neat chapel belonging to the Chapel. Wesleyan Methodists, erected in 1820.
FWmcis CoAsit died here in 1768, at the extraoidi- nsry age of one hundred and fifty. He was very temperate in his hving,.and used great exercise, which.
- 104 HISTORY OF
BOOK IT. togedi«r with his oocasioDally eating a raw new^aid
"""""""^ egg, enabled him to attain so extraordinary an age.
Cowlan. CowLAM 18 a parish town, situated on the wolds, two miles and a half from Sledmere^ with a popolation of thirty-three souls.
Chorsh. The church (the smallest in the riding) is a rectory,
valued in the Liber regis £1U lis. 3d., and in the pariiamentary return at £30. The patronage is in B. F. Bowes, Esq. lord of the manor. It is a low edifice of stone, the nave and chancel being less than thirty feet in length. There is no bell; and on the south side is an ancient square window of two lights. In the interior is a desk, and a circular font at the west end.
The dales in this part of the wolds are of great extent and depth, and have a very romantic appearance.
irriday- The parish town of Fridaythorpb is partly in the
*•*•'**• liberty of St Peter, and is situated on the wolds, at the distance of five miles and a half from Sledmere. Popu- lation, two hundred and seventy-five persons.
Church. The church peculiar is a vicarage^ valued in the
Liber regis at £4. 13«. Ad., in the parliamentary return at £100 : patron, the prebendary of Wetwapg. It is a small edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, with a low tower at the west end. On the south side of the nave is a brick porch, and within it a circular-headed doorway of three chevron mouldings, each resting on an attached column, the capitals diflfering^ and displaying every kind of ornament' ' The interioir is neat ; the font is circular, and situated At the west end of the church.
The village is neatly built, and covers a large extent of ground. The lord of the manor is the duke of Devonshire.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 105
NoBTH GRDffSTONB is a milll parish town in a hollow ^ ^ a p on the road firom Sledmere to Malton. It is four miles ^
•distant from the latter town» and is partly situated in Grim- the Uberty of St. Peter. The population in 1821 "**"*• amounted to one hundred and thirty-nine persons.
The church peculiar is a vicarage, dedicated to St Chsrcb. Nicholas^ and valued in the Liber regis at £6. fit. 8d. : patron^ the prebendary of Langtoft. It consists of a nsLYe, chancel, and small tower at the west end The interior is neat, and contains a gallery and a circular font
The parish town of Hslperthorpb is situated four iielper- miles north of Sledmere, with a population of one hun- dred and 6fty-seTen persons.
The church pteuliar is a vicarage, dedicated to St Church. Peter, valued in the Liber regis at £4. 19t. Id,, in the rcftum to parliament at £120: patron, the dean and diapter of York. It is a smaU edifice,* consisting of a nave and chancel, with a low tower at the west end, all apparently of the architecture of the sixteenth century. The interior is neatly pewed, but possesses no object worthy particular notice.
The parish town of West HfiSLERTONf is situated WeitHoa- eigbt miles from Malton, with a population of two hundred and seventy-three persons.
The church is a rectory, dedicated to St Andrew, Church, valued in the Liber regis at £21. 6#. 6d. It is in the patronage', of the king. It is a small but neat edifice, comprising a nave and chancel, with an open turret and two bells on the west end of the roof. The nave, which was rebuilt about twelve years ago, has dwelling-house windows. The interior is neat; on the north side of the
* Under repair at the time of this survey, December, 1889. t The entire pariih contains four hundred and sixty-nine persons. VOL. IV. P
IM HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. chancel is an altar-tomb with a pedimental canopy, crocketed and tenninating in. a finial. In the pediment is a mutilated basso relievo of our Saviour and the Virgin Mary.
School. A school-bouse for both sexes was built in the early
part of 1S30, at the joint expense of M. Langley and W. Cannon, Esqs.
Heslerton hall, the seat of M. Foulis, Esq. lord of the manor, is a neat edifice with pleasant grounds.
East Hcs- The township of East HesUrton, which is one mile distant from the parish town, has a population of one hundred and ninety-six persons.
Chapel. There is a small chapel of ease at this place, con-
sisting of a nave and chancel, with a single bell in an open turret at the west end. Here is a Wesleyan chapel, erected about thirty-six years ago. Sir T. Sykes, Bart, is lord of the manor.
Klrkby KiRKBY Gblndalyth * 18 a small parish town,
lyth. situated in a valley about two miles from Sledmere, with
a population of one hundred and seventy-eight persons.
Church. The church is a vicarage, dedicated to St. Andrew, valued in the Liber regis at £8. 9s« 7dL, in the par- liamentary return at £80. It was given by Walter de Espec to his priory of Kirkham. The preset patron is Sir T. Sykes, Bart, also lord of the manor. It is a neat edifice, comprising a nave, chancel, and square embattled tower at the west end, from which rises an octagonal spiraf The nave was rebuilt of brick in 1827, and. has thcee pointed sash-windows in each side. The architecture of the diancel is of the thirteenth cmtury. At the east end is a vesica pisces.
* The entire parish contains three hundred and seTenty-six inha bitants. t The opper part of this spire was hlown down many years a^.
THE COUNTY OF YORK. 107
The townsh^) of DuggtAy has a population of one cff i P. hundred and fifty-four persons. It is situated in a ^'^^*
hoUow^ and has a neat Wesleyan chapeL On the east >^"W*«*»y» side of the village is a tumulus of considerable sike (endently never opened), upon the origin of which neither history nor tradition throws any Vght
J%irHeby is a small township, with a population of ThirUeby* forty-four souls.
The parish town of SLirkby Ukderdale is situated Klrkbv on the wolds, at the distance of seven miles from Pod&> lingion. The population in 1821 amounted to three hundred and thirty-five persons.
The church is a rectory, dedicated to All Saints, the Church. value in the Liber regis being £6. St. id. : patron, the king. It is a small edifice, comprising a have, chancel, and low tower at the west etid. The interior is neat^ and was repaired in 1828.
The village, which is well built, is situated, as the name implies, in a vale.
Grarraby hall, in this parish, is a neat mansion, the seat of Sir F. Wood, Bart
KiRKHAM, which signifies the place of a church, Kirkham. atuated in a delightful vale on the eastern bank of the Derwent, is. a small place, extra-parochial, with three houses and seven inhabitants. There is no place of public worship here, the inhabitants attending Westow church.
A priory of Austin Canons was founded here by Walter Priory Espec and Adeline his wife, to the honour of the Holy Trinity, in 1121. The following is the legend of the foundation :
Sir Walter Espec had only one son by his wife Adeline, also called Walter, who took great delight in riding swift horses ; galloping one day towards Frithby,
108 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. near Kirkham, his horse fell near a stone cross, and the young man died instantly. The father, scarcely know- ing whom to make his heir, and being desirous to devote his estate to the service of God, consulted William, hb uncle, then rector of Carton, who advised him to found a monastery at Kirkham ; and accordingly he endowed it with seven churches, which were appropriated thereto : the profits of which, together with the rents and other possessions in Yorkshire and Northumberland^ amounted to eleven hundred marcs.*
• The lands, rents, &c. of this house lay m Burton, Bergerthorp, Berwethorp, the church of Berythorpe, Billesdale, Boelton in Northumberland, BoUum, the churdi of Cald-Overton, Carr-upon-Tweed m North- umberland, the church of Crambum, Derwent, Duggle- by, Frithby, Fudeston, the church of Garton, turbary in the forest of Galtres, free warren in Grannum, Ha- rum, Helmesley, Blakemore and the church there, tlie church of IJildeston, in Hoelton in Northumberland, Hoton, Bardolf, Howsom in Kirkeby, Crendale with its church, the manor, parochial church, &c. in Kirke- ham, in Lengeby, Lynton, Melthorpe in Bucross, Myn- drom, the church of Newton in Glendale, Pockley, the church of Ross, land in Sixtendale, Sledmere, Sproxton near Hamelac, Swinton, the manor of Titelington, lands in Turkilesby, and Werch, the town of Whitwell, lands in Westbue, Winestome, or Wiston, free warren in Woodhouse, and certain houses in York.f
This house was surrendered in the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Henry VIII. and was then valued in the full at £300. I6s. 6d,, in the clear income at £269. 58. 9d. per annum. Cole, in Iiis MSS. says,
* Barton's Monast. Ebor. p. 873. t Ibid. p. 874— S77.
THE COUNTY Of YORK. 1^
here were at the suppression^ " Monks^ seventeen ; Iead> chap. thirty fodder; bells, seven; plate, four hundred and —
forty-two ounces,*' • The site was granted in the 32d of Henry YIII. to Henry Ktiyvet and Ann his wife.
, The common seal of Kiridiam priory was large and oval ; its subject was a female seated, her head-dress having long lappets, and holding in her left hand a book, the inscription, Sigillum • Sancttb • TRiNrrATis . Ds . Chircam. The arms of the priory were gu. three water bougets ar., in the midst a pastoral staff or.
The following is a list of the priors of this fopndSiafrSvPriort.
William, rector of Garton, uncle of the f)^^f4cter, wai^^ the first prior, 1121. / V A ^ "^ /
William, 1190. U A ^ ^
Drogo, in 1 195 and 1 199. \^^ V/
' Andrew, or Andreas. - , . 1.---^
Hugh, in 1261, and again in 1267.
Johnde Wetwang occurs 1304.
John de Elveley was confirmed 5 non. May, 1304 ; he subsequently resigned, and
Robert de Veteri Burgo, or Oldburgh, was chosen on St ValentineVday, 1310.
John de Jarum, or Yarum, was elected.
Adam de Wartria succeeded, and was confirmed 5 kal. Dec. 1333.
John de Hertilpole, confirmed March 6, 1349.
William de Driffeild, confirmed Feb. 27, 1362.
John de Bridlington, July 13, 1366.
John de Helmesley, May 11, 1398.
Richard Ottelay, April 6, 1408.
William Frithby.
• Dugdale'fl Momut. New ed. vol. vi. p. 908.
no HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. NicholaB Nabum, Aug. 4, 1457:
Thomas Irtonj confirmed Oct. 15^ 1462.
William Piill^ or Priblci a canon^ succeeded Jan. 9, 1470.
Thomas Boutre, Dec. 25, 1504.
John Kilwikj confirmed Oct. 14^ 1518. He was the last prior, and had a pension allowed to him of. £50 per annumj subsequent to the dissolution.* Remains The principal part of this priory that remains is the priory. gateway. It is particularly beautiful^ a^d apparently of the time of Edward I. The archway is pointed, and covered with a large pediment, crocketed, and termi- nating in a finial. In the upper part are two windows of two lights each, with trefoil heads, and ornamental tracery in the sweep. Each window and the spaces between have crocketed pediments, and in the spandrils are four shields of arms, viz. three chevronels, three lions passant guardant, three water bougets, and checqu^e. The finish of this edifice was quatrefoil panelling, now much damaged. Between the windows are two niches with statues, and tiie vesica pisces with a representation of the Almighty. There are two shields of arms near the windows ; one has three Catherine- wheels, the other three chaplets, over all four bars. On each side of the arch of entrance is a canopied niche, one having a mutilated representation of St George and the dragon, the other a solitary figure ; above each are two shields of arms, a bend, and three water bougets ; and the last repeated, and a cross flory. The buttresses which adorned this gate were very handsome; one remains, having an elegant pierced pinnacle, crocketed. A considerable portion of the cloisters remain, and some part of the church*
* Dttgdsle*! MooMt. New ed. vol. vl. p. 807.
k
THE COUNTY OF YORK. Ill
LiMonm* 18 a small paurnh town ritoated on the chap.
XIII
wolds^ and three mileB and a half distant from Malton.
Population, two hundred and eighty persons. ^^
The chufdi is a reetcMy, dedicated to St Andiewj Cimreli. valued in the Liber regis at £17. 4«. Id. : patron, the king. The advowson of this church was given by Baiga, wife of l^Oiam. Vescy, to the priory of Malton ; and at the diissolution of that establishment it came to the crown. It is a neat structure, consisting of a nave, dianoel, and small tower at the west end. The interior is plain, and has nothing particularly worthy notice.
The village is inconsiderable, but pleasantly situated, «idi a chapel for the Wesleyan Methodists. The manorial. rig^ are the property of Mrs. Nottclifle, who hu a neat seat here.
Kemnythorpe, in this parish, has a population of Keony- eighfy-three persons. *''**''••
Norton t is a neat parish town adjoining Malton, on Norton, the south side of the river Derwent The population, in 1821, amonnted to one thousand and seventeen persons*
The church is a perpetual curacy, valued in the par- chureh. liamentary return at £78. 3s. i patron, T. Bwbank, Esq. The present edifice was built about fourteen years ago, and has very much the appearance of a luaatie asylum. It consists of a nave, chancel, and transept; and the architect has evidently designed, that as little light as posfible should be admitted to the building, the only windows being near the roof, and small segments of circles* The inside has a heavy a{qpearance^ and contains no monument worthy notice.
^ Tbe satire poputation ia 18B1 wie three bondrBd and slxtytbree
•OQlf.
t The entire popolatiott of the parish is one thousand one handrsd and lixty-eight persons.
112 HISTORY OF
BOOK IV. Tbe old church was a good fiatbric, whh a tower at the
Sutton. west end* The lord of the manor is Major Power.
The township of Suitan has eighty-seven inhabitants.
Welbui. Welkam is a small township with sixty-four inha- bitants.
RilliDgtoD. The parish town of Rilungton^* pleasantly, situated on the Scarborough road^ is four nules and a half from Malton, with a population of six hundred and eighty- persons.
charch. The church is a vicarage^ dedicated to St Andrew,
valued in the Liber regis at £8. 14s. 9id., in the par- liamentary return at £130 : patron, the king. It con-